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Genetics

uhm don't ask why

QuestionAnswer
Heredity The passing of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Trait A specific characteristic of an individual, such as hair color or height.
Genetics The scientific study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in organisms.
Fertilization The joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell to form a new organism.
Purebred An organism that always produces offspring with the same trait over many generations (homozygous)
Gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for a specific trait.
Allele The different forms or versions of a single gene.
Dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Recessive allele An allele that is hidden or masked when a dominant allele is present
Hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (heterozygous).
Punnett square A chart used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two parents.
Phenotype The physical appearance or visible characteristics of an organism
Genotype The actual genetic makeup or allele combination of an organism
Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a particular gene
Incomplete dominance A pattern of inheritance where one allele is not completely dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype
Codominance A condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed equally
Multiple alleles When three or more possible alleles exist for a single gene
Polygenic inheritance When a single trait is controlled by the interaction of two or more different genes.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosome.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) RNA that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome to build a protein.
Mutation A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome
Sex chromosomes The pair of chromosomes that determine the biological sex of an individual.
Sex-linked gene A gene located specifically on a sex chromosome
Carrier A person who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not express that trait physically
Genetic disorder An abnormal condition or disease that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes.
Pedigree A visual chart or family tree that tracks which members of a family have a specific trait.
Karyotype A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell's nucleus, arranged in pairs
Selective breeding The process of choosing organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation.
Inbreeding A breeding method involving two individuals with very similar or identical sets of alleles.
Hybridization A breeding method that crosses two genetically different individuals to get the best of both.
Clone An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced
Genetic engineering The process of manually adding or changing DNA in an organism to produce desired traits.
Gene therapy The insertion of working copies of a gene directly into a person's cells to treat a genetic disorder
Genome The complete set of all the genetic material in an organism.
Ethics The study of moral principles regarding what is right and wrong in biological research.
Meiosis The process of cell division that results in four sex cells with half the original number of chromosomes.
Crossing Over The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Zygote A fertilized egg cell.
Gametes Specialized reproductive cells used in sexual reproduction.
Protein Synthesis The multi-step process the cell uses to create proteins based on DNA instructions.
Autosomal Chromosomes Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Created by: user-2020272
 

 



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