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Genetic Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Heredity The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Trait Specific characteristic or feature of an organism.
Genetics The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Fertilization The action or process of fertilizing an egg or a female animal or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
Purebred A purebred organism is one that is homozygous for specific traits, consistently producing offspring with the same characteristics as the parents.
Gene A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Allele One of two or more versions of a gene that are found at the same location (locus) on a chromosome.
Dominant allele variant of a gene that expresses its trait in an organism even when only one copy is present, effectively masking the effect of a recessive allele.
Recessive allele a version of a gene whose trait is expressed only when an individual inherits two copies, one from each parent.
Hybrid a hybrid is an organism or entity that results from the combination of two genetically distinct parents, carrying traits from both.
Punnett square a diagram used in genetics to predict the genotypic and phenotypic outcomes of a genetic cross, illustrating the possible combinations of alleles from parental gametes.
Phenotype the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Genotype complete set of genetic instructions an organism inherits from its parents, determining its potential traits and characteristics.
Homozygous having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
Heterozygous an organism having two different alleles for a specific gene, one inherited from each parent.
Incomplete domiance having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
Codominance a genetic phenomenon in which two different alleles at a single gene locus are both fully expressed in a heterozygous individual, resulting in a phenotype that displays traits of both alleles simultaneously.
Multiple alleles more than two alternative forms of a gene at a specific locus on homologous chromosomes, contributing to genetic diversity within a population.
Polygenic inheritance genetic mechanism where multiple genes collectively influence a single phenotypic trait, resulting in a continuous range of variations.
Messenger RNA a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it directs protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA a small RNA molecule that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, linking the genetic code in mRNA to protein synthesis.
Mutation the changing of the structure of a gene, which may result in a variant form able to be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes.
Created by: user-2020277
 

 



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