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Peads nitty gritty
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 causes of Scoliosis? | - Idiopathic - Neuromuscular - Congenital |
| What is the most common classification of scoliosis? | Non-structural (postural) scoliosis which involves a flexible curve that corrects on side bending, sitting or lying down. |
| What is the other type of scoliosis? | Structural scoliosis is a non-reversible curvature of a segment of the spine, It involves a true 3D deformity in all planes and will present with a Rib Hump in the “Adams’ Forward Bending Test |
| What are the 6 muscles of the eye? | 1. Superior Rectus 2. Inferior Rectus 3. Medial Rectus 4. Lateral Rectus 5. Superior Oblique 6. Inferior Oblique |
| What is the role of the Superior Rectus? and what nerve innervates it? | Elevates eye, contributes to medial rotation and adduction Oculomotor nerve (CN III) |
| What is the role of the Inferior Rectus? and what nerve innervates it? | Depresses eye, contributes to lateral rotation and adduction. Oculomotor nerve (CN III) |
| What is the role of the Medial Rectus? and what nerve innervates it? | Adducts eye (moves eye medially) Oculomotor nerve (CN III) |
| What is the role of the Lateral rectus? and what nerve innervates it? | Abducts eye (moves eye laterally) Abducens nerve (CN VI) |
| What is the role of the Superior Oblique? and what nerve innervates it? | Superior Oblique Depresses, abducts, and medially rotates eye Trochlear nerve (CN IV) |
| What is the role of the Inferior Oblique? and what nerve innervates it? | Inferior Oblique Elevates, abducts and laterally rotates eye Oculomotor nerve (CN III) |
| What is the other meaning of medial and lateral rotation? | Intorsion and Extorsion |
| What is Smooth pursuit? | Eyes track a moving object smoothly in a coordinated (conjugate) manner across horizontal, vertical, oblique, and circular planes. |
| What is Vergence Movements? | Vergence is part of the accommodation reflex, which adjusts focus between near and far objects by changing their angle: Convergence, divergence and saccades |
| What is Convergence? | Eyes move inward when focusing on a near object. |
| What is divergence? | Eyes move outward when focusing on a distant object. |
| what is Saccades? | Rapid, jumping eye movements between objects, allowing quick shifts in focus. These movements are so fast that vision is briefly suppressed during the transition. |
| What are the 5 categories of the vestibular system? | 1. Peripheral Receptor Apparatus 2. Central Vestibular Nuclei 3. Vestibulo-Ocular Network 4. Vestibulo-Spinal Network 5. Vestibulo-Thalamic-Cortical Network |
| What is the Peripheral Receptor Apparatus? | Includes the utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals, which detect head motion and gravitational forces. |
| What is the Central Vestibular Nuclei? | Located in the brainstem, these nuclei integrate vestibular signals and coordinate responses. |
| what is the Vestibulo-Ocular Network? | Controls reflexive eye movements (Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, VOR) to maintain stable vision during head movements. |
| What is the Vestibulo-Spinal Network? | Regulates postural adjustments and balance through spinal pathways. |
| What is the Vestibulo-Thalamic-Cortical Network? | Relays vestibular information to higher brain centres for spatial awareness and perception. |
| What is ideation? | Conceiving an idea of what to do |
| What is Motor organisation/motor planning? | planning how we are going to do the movement |
| What is execution? | Performing the movement correctly |
| What is feedback and adaption? | Be able to reflect on feedback to adapt our future movements |
| What are some signs of conflicting sensory input? | - No visual righting reflex - excessive post-rotatary nystagmus - motion sickness with movign stimuli - discomfort with bright light - distressed with nearby movement (car rolling) |
| What are some signs of lack of visual engagement? | - does not respond to mvt or turn to sounds - fails to scan environment or bumps into objects - eats half of their plate - does not recognise people in pictures |
| What are some signs of difficulty with visual motor tasks? | - poor hand-eye coordination - difficulty distinguishing a step from a flat surface |
| What are some signs of postural & balance challenges? | - locks head and trunk excessively when standing/sitting on unstable surface - weaves around obstacles but loses balance - runs into walls or objects instead of stopping smoothly |
| What are some compensatory strategies for poor vision? | - reliance on tactile or auditory info - excessive head mvt or abnormal postures to access available vision - over-organises their environment - over cautious when moving |
| What are some postural & motor control deficits with a vestibular deficit? | - unaware of environment - poor righting, protective equilibrium and placing reactions - frequently trips or falls - low postural tone |
| what are some vestibular gaze stability deficits? | - blurred vision during mvts - difficulty tracking moving objects - increased reliance on head mvt instead of eye mvts - poor gaze stabilisation with head mvt |
| What are some vestibular sensory integration challenges? | - overreliance on vision - inability to overrise sensory conflicts |
| What are some vestibular avoidance strategies? | - avoids climbing, swinging or fast mvt - expresses fear of heights, quick position changes or falling - becomes anxious in moving environments - avoids playground equipment - prefers sedentary tasks |
| What are some seeking & risk taking behaviours? | - seeks repetitive spinning, swinging, or rocking - struggles to stop mvt based activities - engages in high risk mvts - takes excessive physical risks without awareness of danger |
| what are the components of the systems approach BS&F's? | - Sensory Strategies - Individual Sensory systems - Internal Represent - Anticipatory Mechanisms - Adaptive Mechanisms - NM Synergies - MS components |
| What are the Domains for the Kids BEST Test and what do they link up with in the systems approach? | Biomechanical Constraints Stability limits/vertically Anticipatory postural adjustments Reactive postural Responses Sensory Orientation Stability in Gait |
Created by:
HollyRicho