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Science Quiz Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asexual Reproduction | involves only 1 set of parent DNA and produces offspring that are indentical to the parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | involves 2 sets of parent DNA the DNA from these two parents combine to make offspring that is different/unique |
| Growth | the process of an organism becoming larger |
| Development | the process of change that produces a more complex organism structurally |
| Cell | these are the basic building blocks of life and are the smallest unit of life. they vary in size and shape but do the same major things |
| Uincellular | organisms that are made of one cell |
| Multicellular | when organisms have multiple cells |
| Organelle | tiny cell structure that carry out specific functions and can't be seen without a microscope |
| Cell Wall | Rigid layer surrounding only plant cells and supports and protects them made of cellulose |
| Cell Membrane | thin flexible barrier surrounding all cells controls what comes in and out fluid like layer between cell wall and cell |
| Cytoplasm | clear gel like fluid inside a cell carries nutrients and proteins through the cell |
| Nucleus | contains DNA and is the control center of a cell one of the largest organelles produces ribosomes and instructions for cell function |
| Chloroplast | in plant cells and some other organisms where photosynthesis takes place contains chlorophyll |
| Cell Theory | All living things are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells. |
| Prokaryotic cells | are simple and do not have a nucleus. Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells. |
| Eukaryotic cells | are more complex and have a nucleus that contains genetic material (DNA). Plants, animals, and fungi are made up of eukaryotic cells. |
| Living things | Obtain food and energy Respond to stimuli Produce offspring Grow and develop |
| Homeostasis | is the ability for the cell to maintain stability |
| Interphase | The cell grows and prepares to divide |
| Mitosis | The cell's nucleus divides, and the genetic material is evenly distributed. It creates an exact copy of the cell |
| Selectively Permeable | some substances can cross the membrane, while others cannot |
| Photosynthesis | Plants use light energy (for example sunlight) to combine carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to make simple sugars (C6H12O6) |
| Respiration | All organisms, including plants and animals, break down simple sugars (C6H12O6) into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) and release energy |
| Waste Elimination | Organisms rid the cells of waste products that could be harmful to the cell. The waste particles will move from a more concentrated area to a less concentrated area |
| Diffusion | materials move across the cell membrane It occurs as materials are moved from an areas of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a membrane |
| Endocytosis | the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particles. Once the food particle is engulfed, the cell membrane fuses, pinching off a vacuole within the cell |
| Exocytosis | This allows large particles to leave a cell. During this process, the vacuole surrounding the food particles fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell |
| Mitochondrion | Produces energy for the cell |
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