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Immune and Lymphatic
Immune and Lymphatic System -CCMA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Main phase: Barrier defenses | Skin and mucous form the 1st line, preventing /blocking entry and flushing out microbes . Secretions ( tears, saliva and stomach acid) kills pathogens |
| 3 Main phase: Innate Immune response | After barriers are breached , the innate system responds rapidly to protect the body via phagocytes , Natural Killer cells, inflammatory response or antimicrobial protein and fever |
| 3 Main phase: Adaptive Immune response | This is slower but highly specific and includes immunological memory, Primary response occurs on 1st exposures and take times to build up, 2nd is faster/stronger due to memory cell , providing immunity .Distinguishes self-antigens and foreign |
| Immune System Components | These components include the skin, phagocytes, T-calls, B-call, antibodies, and cytokines |
| Immune Responses | These includes barrier , innate, and adaptive |
| The failure of adaptive immune response distinguishing between self-antigens and foreign antigens can result in a _________ ________? | Immune diseases |
| Protective secretions | Acidic skin slows bacteria , Sweat and oil kill microbes , stomach acid destroys pathogens , and saliva , tears , and mucus trap or break down |
| Steps of inflammation | injured cell releases histamine , blood vessels widen , capillaries become leaky, fluid and white blood cells enter , redness ,heat ,swelling , pain ,itching |
| Active immunity | Develops when the body creates its own defense and memory against exposed pathogen |
| Passive immunity | Provides fast, temporary protection by transferring antibodies from another source . Natural and artificial |
| Natural Passive Immunity | occurs via antibodies passed from mother to child ( Placenta ,breast milk) or comes from recovering from infection |
| Artificial Passive Immunity | Involves receiving immune serum and monoclonal antibodies , which are lab - produced and uses in treatments (Vaccines ) |
| The immune system defends the body through layer protection through layer protections : Hint 3 | Barrier , innate , and adaptive |
| Barrier defense types | Skin, mucous membrane , sweat and tears |
| B-Cells | Make antibodies - specialized proteins that identify and neutralized specific pathogen |
| Phagocytes ( Macrophages and neutrophils ) | engulf pathogens |
| Natural Killer cells (NK) | Destroy infected or cancerous cells |
| T cells : Cytotoxic T cells | kill infected cells |
| T Cell : Helper T cell | Release cytokines to support other immune cells |
| T cell: Suppressor T Cell | Regulates immune responses to prevent overactivation |
| Lymphocytes are | specialized white blood cells—primarily T cells, B cells, and NK cells—that act as the immune system's frontline defense against infections, bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells |
| The 4 antibodies— | IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD—are Y-shaped proteins that defend against pathogens, each with specialized functions. |
| IgM | crosses the placenta to protect newborn |
| IgA | Guards mucosal surfaces |
| IgE | is involved in allergies and anaphylaxis |
| IgD | primarily found on the surface of naïve B cells (functioning as a receptor) It acts as an antigen receptor to activate B cells, helps regulate immune responses, and acts on basophils/mast cells to release antimicrobial factors |
Created by:
CATCCMA