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BIO - Test 3

QuestionAnswer
Community ecology Understand how species interact with each other and compete for the same resources
Ecological community consists of all the populations of all the different species that live together in a particular area
Interspecific interactions Interactions between different species in a community
Interspecific competition Members of two different species use the same limited resource and therefore compete for it
Predator-prey dynamics Interactions between predator and prey populations that influence each other's growth
Herbivory Consumption of plants by insects and other animals
Defense mechanisms against predation and herbivory - Mechanical thorns on plants or the hard shell on turtles
Defense mechanisms against predation and herbivory - Chemical foxglove which is extremely toxic when eaten
Defense mechanisms against predation and herbivory - Physical body shape and coloration; camouflage
Defense mechanisms against predation and herbivory - Behavioral playing dead and traveling in large groups
Camouflage Avoiding detection by blending in with the background
Aposematic coloration Signal to predators that they are harmful or unpleasant to eat (warning coloration)
Batesian mimicry Harmless species evolves to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species to trick predators
Müllerian mimicry Multiple species that are well-defended and have similar predators look similar to each other.
Emsleyan/Mertensian mimicry Dangerous species mimics the warning signs of a less dangerous species (very rare)
Mimicry of a less deadly species Predator could learn to recognize warning colors and avoid such animals if there were some other species that were harmful but not deadly
Competitive exclusion principle Different species cannot coexist in a community if they are competing for all the same resources
Symbiotic relationship Close interactions between individuals of different species over an extended period of time which impact the abundance and distribution of the associating populations
Three main types of symbiotic relationships Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
Mutualism Association between organisms of two different species in which each benefits
Commensalism One species benefits from the close, prolonged interaction, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed
Parasitism Organism that lives in or on another living organism and derives nutrients from it
Characteristics of communities structure and dynamics
Structure the types and numbers of species present
Dynamics how communities change over time
Foundation species Usually the primary producers: organisms that bring most of the energy into the community
Biodiversity A community’s biological complexity
species richness The number of different species in a particular area
species evenness relative abundance of different species in a particular area
Species richness Number of different species represented in an ecological community
Species evenness Relative abundance of species
Relative abundance Number of individuals in a species relative to the total number of organisms within a habitat, ecosystem, or biome
Keystone species Presence is key to maintaining biodiversity within an ecosystem and to upholding an ecological community’s structure
Invasive species a non-native organism that can threaten the ecosystem balance of that habitat
Community dynamics Changes in community structure and composition over time
Succession Sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time
Primary succession newly exposed or newly formed land is colonized by living things
Secondary succession part of an ecosystem is disturbed and remnants of the previous community remain
Pioneer species First organisms, like lichens and mosses, that colonize the newly formed barren lava rock after an eruption
Created by: user-1987785
 

 



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