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AP WORLD PERIOD IV
1900-Present Day
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fall of the Ottoman Empire | Due to this empire not going through with the Tanzimat Reforms, their economy is behind and they side with Germany in WWI, causing them to fully collapse |
| Fall of the Qing Empire | Due to the Self-Strengthening Movement not working, land in this empire is taken over by Japan and Russia and a new Republic is made |
| Mexican Revolution | This focuses on the redistribution of land to Mesitzos and the removal of caste system expectations |
| MAIN Causes of WWI | Militarism (vast industrial supplies), Alliance System (connections with other nations that make the dispute widespread), Imperialist Expansion (colonies), and Nationalism (keep your country strong and keep other countries weak) |
| Total War | All resources for a country are made for the sake of warfare and people are encouraged to participate in war |
| Propaganda | This is any type of media that is used to persuade citizens of a nation to join the war effort or do other government/group encouraged needs |
| Participation of Colonies in WWI | Many colonies, specifically 1.5 million Indians fought in WWI, making it a WORLD war. They did this to possibly be able to have independence later |
| Russian Revolution | This was done by Lenin to uplift Russia as they were being killed by Germans during WWI. This makes Russia into an Authoritarian Communist government and the Soviet Union is made |
| Soviet Union | Expanded land ruled by Russia, it is under Communist government |
| Versailles Treaty | This is what ended WWI, but it was not effective because Germany took the brunt of the blame and the League of Nations is not fully agreed to |
| Spread of Imperialism After WWI | This includes land being taken in the Middle East by France and Britain, however, more colonies are resisting this change. |
| Non-violent Protest | One example of this is the Salt March led by Gandhi which showed why India should be an independent country |
| Great Depression | This was caused by the stock exchange in NYC failing and sending the whole world into a financial crisis. This gives fascist leaders a chance to rule. |
| Fascism | This is an extreme form of nationalism in which war is utilized to “improve” a country. This also pushes ideals that your country is the greatest and that everyone else is the enemy |
| New Deal | This is a series of public works programs in the US to help the economy after the Great Depression |
| Five Year Plans | This is Stalin’s plan to overcome the Great Depression by having a state controlled economy. Millions of people die from this, but the USSR industrialized greatly and became a world superpower |
| Nazi Germany | This is Germany under a fascist, totalitarian government under the rule of Hitler. |
| Totalitarian States | This is a country which has government policies that directly interfere with aspects of daily life, most fascists governments are also totalitarian |
| Atomic Bombs | This is a form of state sponsored violence used to end WWII. Millions of civilians die from this and it is very controversial |
| Holocaust | The process of systematically killing 9 million people across Europe. This is state–sponsored violence and the majority of the deaths are from Jewish people |
| State-Sponsored Violence | These events kill citizens in the countries engaged in war, this includes fire bombing and dropping atomic bombs, the Holocaust, and the deaths caused by the 5 Year Plan. |
| New Superpowers After WWII: USA and USSR | This is due to Mass Mobilization after WWII for the US and the heavily improved economy of the USSR from industrializing before and after the war |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Man that led the Salt March in India, becoming famous for non-violent protest |
| Mao Zedong | Leader in China that embraced China as a Communist power, he killed 50 million people while industrializing China |
| Adolf Hitler | Leader in Germany before WWII, killed 9 million people as a result of the Holocaust |
| FDR | US President during WWII, created the New Deal and ended WWII by dropping two nukes on Japan, set a trend for new Socialist policies |
| Joseph Stalin | Successor to Lenin in the Soviet Union, many people died as a result of his 5 Year Plan, but did stop the negative effects of the Great Depression |
| Emmeline Pankhurst | This person started protests for women’s right to vote starting in Britain, but spreading to the US and the rest of the world |
| Mau Mau Rebellion | This is a rebellion against British rule in Kenya that resulted in the independence of Kenya from British rule. This is an example of a proxy war as Soviet forces supported Kenyans and the US supported Britain |
| Creation of Israel | This is created out of British-owned Palestine the process of which displaced many Arabs; because of this, conflict increased between Arabs and western societies that supported this and civilians have died due to these conflicts |
| Partition of India | After Britain gave up control over India, the Muslim minority was concerned over the distribution of power and the creation of Pakistan was proposed. It was eventually made, but it caused conflict and many people were displaced because of its creation |
| Mixed Economy | This is a new form of economy proposed in India where the government has control over certain industries but there would be a strong private sector. This was done to promote development |
| US Military Industrial Complex | This is the process of US corporations making money by selling weapons used for war, perpetuating a cycle where war is a normal part of the economy |
| Cold War | This is an ideological conflict fought with proxy wars between the US and their capitalist beliefs and the USSR and their communist beliefs |
| NATO | This is an alliance made between North America and Western Europe that agrees that all members of the alliance will help each other in the presence of communist threat |
| Proxy Wars | This is a war instigated by a major power which itself does not become involved, such as the Korean War which had the US and USSR side with opposing sides, but they themselves did not directly fight |
| Vietnam War | This is a proxy war that was fighting primarily for independence from France. This country sided with Communist forces to achieve independence and used Nationalism to stop colonization |
| Reasons for Soviet Collapse | This is mainly caused by Communism (as it was used) not being very effective as well as slow industrialization, lack of resources, and a failed invasion into Afghanistan |
| Green Revolution | This is the process of agricultural advancements being made stopping mass famine from happening as the world population increased |
| UN Declaration of Human Rights | Declared after WWII, this states that all people deserve basic human rights; this shows the beginning of people beginning to care about social equality |
| 1918 Influenza Pandemic | This is a pandemic that killed the most people since the Bubonic plague, this spread especially quickly because of new technologies like the steamship and railroad as well as WWI. This is stopped with modern medical advancements through vaccines |
| Deforestation | Due to the increase in population, more land was needed for agriculture and homes, trees were cut down to accommodate for this new space |
| Climate Change | This is the increase in temperature and its irreversible effects, deforestation and increases in agriculture all contribute to this, but it is still disputed |
| Free-market Policies | These are capitalist policies that are promoted all over the world after the Cold War ended, even in explicitly Communist countries |
| Polio Vaccine | This is one of many bacterial infections that was solved through modern medicine, allowing people to live much longer lives |
| Third World | This was a term once used to describe countries that did not side with either Communist or Capitalist countries, but is now used to broadly label underdeveloped or developing countries |
| Migration to Land of Former Colonizers | This is the largest migration in period 4 and it is marked by Filipinos migrating to the US, Algerians to France, etc. |
| Al-Qaeda | This is a terrorist group that hated all things western and foreign military on Islamic soil, the group is most infamous for being held responsible for 9/11 |
| Voting Rights Act | This is the first voting rights act in history that allows for all people in the US to be able to participate in voting, it is the basis that other countries take when establishing voting rules |
| Tiananmen Square Protest | This is a non-violent protest in China that protested for democracy, but nothing came of it. The protesters were killed and the protest is covered up by the Chinese government |
| Anti-Apartheid Movement | This is a movement spearheaded by Nelson Mandela to end the segregation that was allowed under law in South Africa |
| Iranian Islamic Revolution | This is an example of religious fundamentalism after colonization. After overthrowing the leader that was put in place by Britain, people in this country elected a new leader that ruled with Islamic Law |
| Rwandan Genocide | This is the genocide of the Tutsi people by the Hutu people, this is because when Belgium ruled over this country, Tutsi were given more power, creating conflict between the two groups |
| United Nations | This is a global organization based on the League of Nations that acts to keep peace between nations |
| World Bank | This is an organization that provides low-interest loans to developing countries to combat poverty. It is controversial though as funds can easily be mismanaged |
| Greenbelt Movement | This is a movement started in Kenya that aims to have more sustainable treatment for resources and soil erosion, it is among other pro-environmental organizations such as Greenpeace |
| World Cup | This is an example of globalization and interconnected pop-culture between different nations |
| Social Media | This is the most prominent example of globalization in modern-day as personal connections between people happen at a rate never seen before |
| Yugoslav Wars | Due to Yugoslavia being home to many different republics that held many different religious beliefs and Serbia wanting to remain as a singular republic while other republics tried to break away, war broke out and the genocide of Bosnian Muslims occurred |
| Kwame Nkrumah | This is the man that created the idea of Pan-Africanism and the idea of the African identity. This was used to end colonialism and eventually unite Africa as one country, the latter never occurred though |
| Nelson Mandela | This is the man that is responsible for leading the Anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa, he was imprisoned for this, but after his release from jail he became the leader of South Africa |
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SadurnSchool