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TermDefinition
Origin of word Logic Logos - greek
logic the science and art of right reasoning about reality / a tool to gain truth about reality
Aristotle’s logic classical logic
Modern logic mathematical logic
Classic logic first principles (3+1) are all... basis for all proof, self-evident: cant be proven
Identity Each thing is the same as itself and different from another
Law of excluded middle Each thing either exists or does not exist (each proposition is either true or its negation is true)
Non-contradiction A thing cannot exist and not exist at the same time and in the same relation
sufficient reason There is a sufficient cause / reason for everything (from nothing, nothing comes)
Classic logic first principles Identity, Law of excluded middle, Non-contradiction, and Sufficient Reason
Term Part of classic logic, concept clarified in definition
Proposition relates two judgments, 4 types (universal positive/negative, particular positive/negative)
Argument Deduces conclusion from a right relationship between at least two propositions:
Valid Argument Premises are true
Sound Logic is true
Inductive reasoning arrives at general or universal properties from particular experiences
Deductive reasoning immediate inference, conclusion inferred from general/universal premesis
Dialectical reasoning used when deductive proof can't be used (ad abducto absurdum)
Syllogism more complex argument, 2 premises and a conclusion
Informal Fallacies These do not result from the structure of the argument but from some other mistake in reasoning.
ad hominem attacking the person
circular reasoning (begging question) one reason assumes what it is supposed to prove (good, bad, just)
Red herring changing the topic
Ad populum appeal to popularity/authority
Modus Ponens if P then Q. State P, therefore Q. (Affirming consequent is wrong version)
Created by: user-2004513
 

 



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