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Heart
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pericardium | Heart is enclose in double-welled sac called the pericardium, the superficial part is called the fibrous pericardium which protects the heart anchors it to surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling of the ventricle |
| Pericardium 2. | Deep to the fibrous layer is the serous layer a thin slippery membrane that forms a closed sac around the heart + cavity the visceral layer os the epicardium is part of wall secrete 20-60 mL of serous fluid, which acts as a lubricant to minimize friction |
| Pericardium cavity | Film of serous fluid, when lubricared, the membranes glide and alllow the heart to work |
| Epicardium | Infiltrated with fat in older people |
| Myocardium | muscle of the heart + dense w/ mitochondria |
| Endocardium lining | Endothelim, located on inner myocardial surface, it acts as a barrier separating the myocardium (muscle) from blood, reduces friction, prevents clotting, and houses the conduction system (Purkinje fibers) |
| Circuits for blood | The separation into two circuits is essential for efficient nutrient delivery and waste removal: |
| Pulmonary | The right side of the heart recieves oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues and then pumps this blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and dispel CO2, R. Ventricle (deox) -> lungs -> L. atrium O2 -> deox -> lungs -> deo2 |
| Systemic | The left side of the hear recieve the oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and pumps this blood throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to body tissues, Heart->body ->L ventricle O ->body _> R.atrium NO->O2-> body ->O2 |
| Heart valves | ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart |
| Atrioventricular valves | Between Atria and ventricle - ensure one way blood flow , includes tri anf bicuspid |
| Semi - lunar valve | between ventricles and vessels (pulmonary and aortic semilunar valve) |
| Chordae tendinae | Attached to Tricuspid valves in AVm strings attached to pimply muscles called papillary muscles which open and close AV valvee. Heart murmur means defective. |
| Microscopic structure | Desmosomes (wells in intercolated discs) and gap junctions in between desmosomes acts a form of communicastion so heart is functional as a unit. |
| Process essay 3: sequence of excitation | Sinoatrial valves, the natural pacemaker is R. Atria impluse speads across A. causing contractions along with depolarization, impluses reaches AV nodes for ventricular filling/contractions , then Bundle of HIs is reached, which divides implusw to L +R |
| Process essay 3: sequence of excitation | Signal rapidly speads through Punkinje fibers initating ventricular contraction |
| pacemakers | SA: 75 -> 30% AN 50 -> 3,4,5 drop by half 25 bpm |
| Cardiac crackle +sound: | Lub-dup blood smashing against vlaves anf heart murmur broken valves swish noise. |
| Foreman ovale | Hole in heart between L and R atria because fetus has no lunchs uses placent and closes and seals during life, |
| OLder | Cardiac function declines myocardial infarction: heart attacj when blood vessel to heart is blocked and vessel dies. |
| Process essay 2: | Body, vena cava, right atria, tricuspid, right venticle, pulmonary semi-lunar valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body |
Created by:
nuhaSalim