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Personality 2

QuestionAnswer
What is evolutionary theory in psychology? The idea that human behaviors and traits developed because they helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.
What is a personality trait? A pattern of behavior that is generally consistent across different situations.
Why can aggression be helpful from an evolutionary perspective? It can help protect territory, resources, and mates and increase social status.
What is altruism? Helping others, sometimes even at a cost to oneself.
What is sociometer theory? The idea that self-esteem acts as a gauge that monitors how accepted we are by others.
What does behavioral genetics study? How genes influence personality traits and behavior.
What are monozygotic (MZ) twins? Identical twins who share almost all of the same genes.
What are dizygotic (DZ) twins? Fraternal twins who share about 50% of their genes.
What is heritability? The degree to which differences in traits are due to genetic differences.
What is a gene–environment interaction? When environmental factors influence how genes affect traits.
What are the two aspects of the brain studied in personality research? Anatomy (brain structures) and biochemistry (neurotransmitters and hormones).
What does dopamine do? It is related to reward, motivation, pleasure, and seeking exciting experiences.
What does serotonin help regulate? Impulses, fear, anxiety, and mood.
What hormone is released during stress for the fight-or-flight response? Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
What does oxytocin do? Promotes bonding, trust, nurturing behavior, and reduces fear.
What is cortisol? A stress hormone that prepares the body to respond to threats.
What brain area is important for planning and self-control? The frontal (prefrontal) cortex.
What is rank-order consistency? The tendency for people to maintain their relative personality differences compared to others over time.
What is temperament? Early personality tendencies seen in infants that are largely influenced by genetics
What is heterotypic continuity? When underlying personality traits stay the same but are expressed differently at different ages.
What is the cumulative continuity principle? Personality traits become more stable as people get older.
What is psychological maturity? Increased self-control, emotional stability, and interpersonal sensitivity.
What is a cross-sectional study? A study comparing people of different ages at the same time.
What is a longitudinal study? A study that follows the same people over many years.
What is the social clock? Cultural expectations about when people should reach life milestones.
What is narrative identity? The story people create about their life and who they are.
What does plasticity mean in personality? Personality can change at any time in life.
What is the principle of social investment? Personality development is influenced by commitments to social roles like jobs or relationships.
Created by: katievp7
 

 



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