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CH5 CHILD PSY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolutionary degeneracy theory attributed the intellectual and social problems of children with intellectual disability to | regression to an earlier period in the development of humankind |
| Subaverage intellectual functioning is defined as an IQ approximately | two standard deviations below the mean |
| To be diagnosed with intellectual disability, a person must exhibit | subaverage intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive functioning |
| IQ scores among individuals without intellectual disability are | relatively stable with the exception of infancy |
| In comparison to the IQ scores of normally developing children, those of infants and children with developmental delays or intellectual disability are | more stable |
| The refers to the phenomenon that IQ scores have risen sharply since the beginning of IQ testing. | Flynn Effect |
| The rising of IQ scores is due to | medical advances |
| In the DSM-5, the level of disability, reflecting a child’s degree of difficulty, is based upon the | extent of cognitive impairment |
| The category of intellectual disability is overrepresented in minority groups | mild |
| The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) categorizes persons with intellectual disability according to | extent of support needed |
| If a true male excess of intellectual disability exists, and the higher prevalence rate is not due to identification and referral patterns, it is likely due to | fragile-X syndrome |
| Intellectual disability is more prevalent among | lower SES |
| The suggestion that children with intellectual disability demonstrate the same behaviors and underlying processes as typically developing children who are at the same level of cognitive functioning is referred to as the | similar structure hypothesis |
| The argues that cognitive development of children with intellectual disability differs from that of children without intellectual disability in more ways than merely differences in developmental rate and upper limit | difference viewpoint |
| In general, children with Down syndrome display | significant gains in adaptive behaviors up to age 6, followed by a leveling off or decline |
| The observation that children with Down syndrome may alternate between periods of gain and functioning and periods of little or no advance is the | slowing and stability hypothesis |
| is critical to regulating social interaction and providing a foundation for early self/other understanding | Internal state language |
| In the “strange situation” attachment assessment technique, children with Down syndrome _ | show few distress signals despite an apparent need for contact with their caregivers |
| When toddlers with Down syndrome begin to recognize themselves in a mirror, they often | smile and laugh |
| Children with mild to moderate intellectual disability learn symbolic play | in much the same manner as other children |
| Which psychiatric diagnosis is least common among children with intellectual disability? | schizophrenia |
| Generally, the emotional and behavioral problems of children with intellectual disability | are considered part of the spectrum of problems coexisting with intellectual disability |
| Which statement regarding the causes of intellectual disability is false? | The causes of mild intellectual disability are better understood than the causes of moderate to severe intellectual disability |
| actors are implicated in mild forms of intellectual disability | Genetic and environmental |
| The proportion of variance in a trait attributable to genetic influences is called | The gene-environment interaction is referred to as |
| The evidence points to a heritability of intelligence of approximately | 50% |
| One cause of severe intellectual disability responsible for phenylketonuria (PKU) is | single gene abnormalities |
| is the most common form of intellectual disability resulting from chromosomal abnormalities | Down syndrome |
| is associated with intellectual disability and is a disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome | Klinefelter’s syndrome |
| Down syndrome occurs more often with older mothers than younger mothers because | chromosomal nondisjunction increases with maternal age |
| is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability | Fragile-X syndrome |
| Both Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes are | believed to be spontaneous genetic birth defects that occur around the time of conception |
| Phenylketonuria is a(n) that can cause intellectual disability if untreated | inborn error of metabolism |
| Which of the following is not associated with fetal alcohol syndrome? | non-teratogenic cause |
| On average, the IQ of children with fetal alcohol syndrome is in the range of intellectual disability | mild |
| What is most likely to be of concern to the father of a child with intellectual disability | how to feel close to the child |
| teaches children to use verbal cues to process information, to keep themselves on task, and to remind themselves how to approach a new task | Self-instructional training |
| Education of children with intellectual disability has been plagued by the fact that | the children lack the metacognitive capabilities needed to apply skills to new situations |
| Which statement regarding the adjustment of families of children with intellectual disability is false? | Family involvement has not been shown to be as beneficial as residential care |
| Research investigating the effectiveness of residential care for children with intellectual disability indicates that | family involvement is crucial to children’s adaptation to and benefit from residential care |
| Children with Down syndrome have strong | visual short-term memories |
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