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final rad102
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common lethal nosocomial infection? | Pneumonia |
| List the structures that are protected within the bony thorax. | Heart, lungs, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland |
| This condition should be regarded as a sign of an important underlying condition, not as a disease entity: | Pleural effusion |
| This procedure helps alleviate and drain fluid within the pleural cavity: | Thoracentesis |
| List 3 palpable anatomical landmarks used for chest and abdominal positioning and their locations. | Vertebral Prominins (C7) Xyphoid Process (level of T9-T10) inferior Costal Rib Margin (level of L2-L3) |
| What are the 4 major quadrants of the abdomen? | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
| List routine projections for the chest. | PA/LAT |
| List routine projections for ribs-upper and lower. | AP/PA/Obliques |
| List routine projections for the sternum. | PA/RAO |
| List routine projections for the abdomen. | AP Upright, AP Supine, KUB |
| List routine projections for the SC joints. | PA, RAO, LAO |
| List routine projections for the fingers and hand. | AP. Oblique, Lateral |
| List routine projections for the forearm and elbow. | AP/LAT |
| List routine projections for the humerus + trauma. | AP Humerus Lateral Humerus Transthoracic Lateral (Lawrence Method) |
| non-routine view for the chest | AP Lordotic |
| non-routine views for the abdomen | Lateral Decubitus |
| non-routine views for the upper extremities. | PA Stress Thumb Folio Method |
| List routine projections for the shoulder. | AP Internal/External Grashey Scapular-Y View |
| List routine projections of the AC joints | AP With/Without Weights |
| List routine projections of the clavicle. | AP/AP Axial |
| Angle for AP Axial clavicle | 15-30 degrees cephalic |
| List routine projections of the scapula. | AP/SCAP Y |
| List one pathology from the chest | Cystic Fibrosis- Affects the function of exocrine glands. Damage is initiated by gradually increasing secretions because of the hypertrophy of bronchial glands. Appears with irregular cystic and nodular densities. |
| List one pathology from the abdomen | Peptic Ulcer- Appear as radiating, spike like wheels of mucosal folds |
| List one pathology from the upper extremity | Skier’s Thumb- A sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb near the MCP joint of the hyperextended thumb. It may result from a falling injury, where the hand and arm are outstretched. |
| List 1 pathologies of the shoulder girdle. | Rotator Cuff: acute or traumatic injury to at least one of the rotator cuff muscles: teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis. Limits ROM of shoulder |
| Hill-Sachs Defect: | compression fracture of the articular surface of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head, associated with anterior dislocation of the humeral head. |
| Idiopathic Chronic Adhesive Capsulitis: | “frozen shoulder;” chronic inflammation in and around the joint that causes pain and limits ROM. |
| Level I hospital | primary hospitals that can provide total care for all injuries. Offers prompt availability of care in several specialties. |
| Level II hospital | most common, can handle most trauma cases and readily transport patients to Level I if needed. |
| Level III hospital | in remote rural areas, allow 20–30-minute call-in time frame for needed staff, can offer stabilization of patients if severe enough and can transport to higher levels of care. |
| non routine view of ankle | Stress View- Inversion/Eversion |
| non routine view of knee | Weight-Bearing |
| non routine view of foot | Weight-Bearing |
| List 4 different pathologies of the lower extremities | Rickets (Osteomalacia), Osgood-Schlatter Disease, Gout, Joint Effusion |
| A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the anatomical part ____ to the long axis of the image receptor. | parallel |
| List the carpal bones. | Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate |
| List the tarsal bones | Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform |
| Simple (Closed) Fracture: | A break in the bone where the skin remains intact, and the bone does not protrude outside the body. |
| Open (Compound) Fracture: | Bone breaks through the skin, increasing the risk of infection. |
| Comminuted Fracture | Bone is broken into three or more fragments. |
| Complete – Noncomminuted Fracture | Bone breaks completely into two separate pieces, but not into multiple fragments. |
| Avulsion Fracture: | When a tendon or ligament pulls a piece of bone away from the main bone. |
| Incomplete Fracture: | Bone cracks but does not break all the way through (common in children, such as a greenstick fracture). |
| Growth Plate Fracture | Occurs in the epiphyseal (growth) plate of a child or adolescent, which can affect future bone growth if not treated properly. |
| What does “PACS” stand for? | Picture Archiving Communication System: a complex network created to manage and store images |
| What is the purpose of AECs? | used to help increase imaging detail of intricate lung markings and reduce patient exposure. Automatically control the amount of radiation reaching the image receptor, ensuring consistent image quality while minimizing patient exposure. |
| What 2 categories is the peritoneum divided into, and what is their difference? | Peritoneum: large serous, double-walled, sac-like membrane that covers abdominal structures Parietal: peritoneum that adheres to the abdominal cavity wall Visceral: peritoneum that covers the organ |
| Rib Fractures | primarily caused by trauma. Fracture to the 1st rib often are associated with injury to underlying arteries or veins; lower rib fractures may injure adjacent organs such as spleen, liver or kidney. |
| Flail Chest | due to trauma, affects at least 2 ribs and is associated with pulmonary injury |
| Sternum Fracture: | caused by blunt trauma, associated with cardiac injury |
| Pectus Carinatum | anterior protrusion of the lower sternum and xiphoid process |
| Pectus Excavatum: | deformity of a depressed sternum and does not interfere with respiration |
Created by:
lindseylaporte