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3.03 Child Dev Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autosomal Dominant Genetic Disorder | A pattern or inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders; the gene is located on one of the numbered chromosomes; a single of the mutated gene is enough to cause the disorder. |
| Autosomal Recessive Genetic Disorder | A pattern or inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders; the gene is located on one of the numbered chromosomes; two copies of the mutated gene are required to cause the disorder. |
| Cerebral Palsy | Impaired muscle coordination and/or other disabilities, typically caused by lack of oxygen t the brain before, during or shortly after birth. |
| Chromosomal genetic disorders | a type of genetic disorder that develop because of a change (mutation) in one or more gene; typically missing or duplicated chromosome material |
| Chromosome | a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
| Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate | A birth condition where there is a split or opening in the lip or roof of the mouth. |
| Color Blindness | A condition where a person has difficulty seeing or distinguishing certain colors. |
| Congenital Heart Defects | Heart problems that are present at birth and affect how the heart works. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | A genetic disease that causes thick mucus in the lungs and digestive system, making breathing and digestion difficult. |
| Dominant gene | the stronger gene that expresses a trait that first appears or is visibility expressed in the organism as a dominant trait |
| Down syndrome / Trisomy 21 | a genetic disorder characterized by a broad skull, blunt facial features, short stature, and learning difficulties; caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | a genetic disorder that results in the progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles; most commonly transmitted genetically by female carriers, but usually affects only males |
| Environmental Influences | Things in a person's surroundings that affect development, such as health, family, toxins, or experiences. |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | A condition caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, leading to physical and learning problems. |
| Fraternal Twins | Twins that develop two different eggs fertilized by two sperm, like regular siblings born at the same time. |
| Gene | the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, with genes being made up of DNA |
| Genetic | relating to genes or heredity |
| Hereditary influences | all traits passed down from one generation to the next (e.g., eye, skin, and hair color) |
| Identical Twins | Twins that develop when one fertilized egg splits, so they share the same genes. |
| Infectious disease | An illness caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can spread. |
| Inherited | Something passed generically from parents to children. |
| Multiple births | giving birth to more than one child at a time |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | a genetic disorder in which the body is unable to process and use a specific protein that is present in nearly all foods |
| Psychoactive substances | drugs or other substance that affects how the brain works and cause changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or behavior |
| Recessive Gene | A gene whose trait only appears if two copies are present. |
| Sex-Linked Recessive Genetic Disorders | Genetic disorders caused by genes on the X chromosome, often affecting males more. |
| Sexually Transmitted Disease | An infection spread through sexual contact. |
| Sickle cell anemia | a genetic disorder where malformed red blood cells deprive the body of oxygen; caused by inheriting defective recessive genes from both parents; more commonly occurs in African Americans |
| Spina bifida | a congenital condition in which part of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes through a cleft in the spinal column, resulting in loss of voluntary movement in the lower body; caused by environmental and heredity |
| Toxoplasmosis | a parasite that can cause blindness, hearing loss, and learning disabilities, and death; found in cat litter and some raw meats |
| Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) | a rare pregnancy condition affecting identical twins or other multiple births; occurs in pregnancies where twins share one placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients essential for development in the womb |
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