By the end of Augustus’ reign, Rome had advanced into

Egypt, Syria, and much of Europe

mosaics on floors, murals on walls, and statues in public spaces, and buildings.

Roman art often copied Greek art in subject, but

earlier Roman artists showed subjects realistically while Greek artists made subjects look perfect.

Many English words have Latin roots. Latin was

used in European education and in Roman Catholic Church services and is still used today.

What is a romance language

A romance language is based on Latin.

In what ways does Roman Law still influence modern society

It influences both government and legal systems

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Rome 2

Vocab, map, timeline notes

Question	Answer
BC Octavian took control of Rome.	30
30 BC took control of Rome.	Octavian
he first / Roman emperor .	best
Brought to Rome.	peace
Held almost all over the empire.	power
Made it more	stable
army higher the pay	Smaller
Boosted	economy
Improved ordinary	lives
fought	corruption
The ideal	The ideal emperor
After his death, he was declared a	god & worshiped
became emperor	Stepson Tiberius
Trajan	conquered new land
Nerva	ally to the Roman poor and regarded as a fair ruler
travelled and built walls to separate provinces of non-Roman lands	Hadrian
Marcus Aurelius	wrote a philosophy book
under his rule Rome was the most peaceful it had ever been.	Antoninous Pius
Many build	aqueducts, public baths, stadiums and large buildings.
Pax Romana	Means Roman Peace
Lasted from	30 B.C. - 180 A.D
NO AT ALL	WARS
years of peace	200
Every household was run by the	oldest adult male
in charge of all house duties	Women
A large gap between	rich and poor
Poor lived in	shabby houses
Gladiatorial shows the biggest form of	entertainment
Took place in the	Colosseum or amphitheaters
Was	deadly
Entertainers would have to fight for their	lives
By the end of Augustus’ reign, Rome had advanced into	Egypt, Syria, and much of Europe
Economy was focused on	farming and trade
Most were	farmer
Sell their crops in	markets
Pay taxLes in money and with	food
The rich owned many properties and	forced slaves to work on them
Largest slave revolt took place	73 B.C.
broke out in S. Italy, with many other slaves	Spartacus
Many slaves overtime revolted and murdered their owners, causing	fear in Roman communities
Art includes	mosaics on floors, murals on walls, and statues in public spaces, and buildings.
Roman art often copied Greek art in subject, but	earlier Roman artists showed subjects realistically while Greek artists made subjects look perfect.
Many English words have Latin roots. Latin was	used in European education and in Roman Catholic Church services and is still used today.
Cicero is famous for his	oratory or speeches
Often fought to the	death
Gladiatorial games were for	entertainment
Were gladiators usually free or slaves	Slaves
What is a romance language	A romance language is based on Latin.
Is English one of them?	No
In what ways does Roman Law still influence modern society	It influences both government and legal systems
What were the Twelve Tables	A written Roman Law code
How did the Twelve Tables change the Roman legal system	They made it more reliable by writing down the laws
How did life change for Jews in Judea after 63 BC	They lived under Roman Rule
A large number of _______ opposed Roman Rule	Jews
Summarize what were the zealots’ views about Roman rule	They opposed Romans and believed Jews should resist it by refusing to pay taxes and through armed rebellion
They opposed Romans and believed Jews should resist it by refusing to pay _______ and through armed rebellion	taxes
Non-Jews who became _______________did not follow all Jewish traditions or laws	Christian
Romans respected ___________ as an old religion, so they allowed its traditions	Judaism
Constantine’s dream led him to end the persecution of _________	Christians
Romans generally practiced religious tolerance, but they came into conflict with the ______Tolerance is acceptance.	Jews
Religion based on the teachings of Jesus of	Nazareth
Leader Jews believed would return and restore the greatness of Israel	Messiah
The holy book of Christianity	bible
A type of execution that involved being nailed to a cross	crucifixion
Christian belief that_______ rose from the dead three days after his death	Jesus
The 12 disciples whom Jesus chose to receive special teaching	apostles
Paul of tarsus	Disciple whose letters defined Christianity as separate from Judaism
People who die for their religious beliefs	martyrs
Punishing people for their beliefs	persecution
Roman emperor who became a Christian	Constantine
Christianity was rooted in the ideas and traditions of __________but it developed as a separate faith.	Judaism
Forum	A Roman public meeting place
Dictatorship	A ruler who has almost absolute power
Senate	Roman officials who were appointed by the consuls
1 of the city-state	Rome
Veto	To reject or prohibit actions and laws of other government officials
Latin	The language of the Romans
Arch	A structure that spans a space and supports structure and weight above it
Aqueduct	A human-made raised channel that carries water from distant places
2 rivers	po and Tibers Rivers
THE LAW APPLIED TO	EVERYONE
What	Built the new capital Constantinople. Made Constantinople rich!
Where	Bosporus Strait
When	330 AD
Why	Different from Byzantines, thought of themselves as Romans. Unlike most Romans, most people were Christians and spoke Greek not Latin.
What	Byzantine emperor
Where	Byzantine Empire
When	527-565 AD Ruled for nearly 40 years
Why	Wanted to recover parts of Rome Rebuilt Hagia Sophia Justinian’s Code - guarantees fair treatment of all
What	Byzantine emperor’s wife Was an actress before marrying Justinian A partner in rule
Where	Byzantine Empire
When	527-565 AD Ruled for nearly 40 years with her husband
Why	(same as husband) Encouraged husband to stay and fight
Why	Helped women and children
Why	To end government corruption
What	However Byzantine emperors kept control of the core of their empire, modern day Greece and western Turkey and Constantinople.
Where	Byzantine Empire
Where	Germans took lands to the west
Where	Slavic people invaded the north
Where	Arab Muslim invaders conquered Syria, Egypt, and North Africa
Where	Turks seized modern day Turkey and other areas.
When	Over the next 800 years
Why	Empire slowly shrank, it declined and fell.
What	Important Christian leaders
What	Bishops of the 5 most important cities
Where	Christian church
Where	Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem
When	Late 300’s
Why	Gained authority over all churches in region.
Why	Passed authority down to each generation
What	Means father or head of the church
Where	Christian church
Where	Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem
When	Late 300’s
Why	Claimed they were the successors
What	Built the new capital Constantinople
What	Made Constantinople rich
Where	Bosporus Strait
When	330 AD
Why	Different from Byzantines, thought of themselves as Romans
Why	Unlike most Romans, most people were Christians and spoke Greek not Latin
What	Byzantine emperor
Where	Byzantine Empire
When	Ruled for nearly 40 years
When	527-565 AD
Why	Wanted to recover parts of Rome
Why	Rebuilt Hagia Sophia
Why	Justinian’s Code - guarantees fair treatment of all
How did life change for Jews in Judea after 63 BC	They lived under Roman Rule
How did life change for Jews in Judea after 63 BC	A large number of Jews opposed Roman Rule
Summarize what were the zealots’ views about Roman rule	They opposed Romans and believed Jews should resist it by refusing to pay taxes and through armed rebellion
What did the Pharisees believe	They believed that good people would be resurrected after the Messiah came. They believed in observing Jewish Law
What was Jesus’ religion	Judaism
Identify evidence historians have of Jesus’ life	The writings of the Christians Gospels tell the story of Jesus’ life
Why did the followers begin to think Jesus was the Messiah	He spoke out for the poor and the outcast
Why did the followers begin to think Jesus was the Messiah	They believed he could heal the sick
Analyze the fish on page. Why might this make an important symbol in early Christianity	Jesus’ ability to feed a large crowd with a few fish suggested he had power to change people’s everyday life
Compare/contrast- What was a big way Judaism and early Christianity differed	Non-Jews who became Christian did not follow all Jewish traditions or laws
Why did the Roman government tolerate Judaism but not Christianity	Romans respected Judaism as an old religion, so they allowed its traditions
How did Constantine’s dream change Roman history	Constantine’s dream led him to end the persecution of Christians
How did Constantine’s dream change Roman history	Constantine’s dream led him to end the persecution of Christians.
The Apostles	12 disciples whom Jesus chose to receive special training
The Apostles	After his Resurrection, they spread the teachings of Jesus
The Apostles	Wrote the Gospels (part of New Testament)
Paul of Tarsus	Traveled throughout the Roman world spreading Christian teaching
Paul of Tarsus	Helped the Christian Church break away from Judaism
PLACE OF WORSHIP	CHURCH
HOLY DAYs	CHRISTMAS: Birthday of Jesus
HOLY DAYS	EASTER: Celebration of Jesus’ rising from the dead
Christians believe in	ONE God.
God is made up of three parts, called a Trinity	Father, Son, Holy Spirit
Holy Book	BIBLE
Consists of two parts	OLD TESTAMENT (JEWISH HOLY BOOK)
Consists of two parts	NEW TESTAMENT
Beginning of Christianity	After about 3 years, Jesus and 12 of his disciples (followers) went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover (Jewish Holiday).
Beginning of Christianity	Many Jews greeted him as the Messiah —based on his teachings. Messiah: “God’s anointed one” in Hebrew
Beginning of Christianity	Many Romans AND some Jews did not like this
The Teachings of Jesus	After Jesus died, his teachings were spread by his followers
The Teachings of Jesus	Anyone who believed in Jesus and followed his teachings would know eternal life after death (heaven).
Crucifixion and Resurrection:	According to Christian beliefs, Jesus rose from the dead three days after he was crucified and went to heaven. Resurrection: Jesus' rise from the dead
Crucifixion and Resurrection:	This convinced his disciples that Jesus was the Messiah and the Son of God.
Crucifixion and Resurrection:	Jesus had many followers, but his teachings also challenged the authority of political and religious leaders.
Crucifixion and Resurrection:	Roman leaders arrested Jesus. He was convicted of treason or disloyalty/betrayal and was crucified. Crucified: executed on a cross
Beginning of Christianity:	At age 30, Jesus started traveling and teaching people about God
Beginning of Christianity:	God created all people
Beginning of Christianity:	God loves all people the way a father loves a child
Beginning of Christianity:	Therefore, people should behave like God’s children and love God and one another.
Background to Christianity:	Christianity is based on the life and the teachings of Jesus
Background to Christianity:	Jesus lived in Palestine (Born in Bethlehem & grew up in Nazareth)
Background to Christianity:	He lived during the time of Augustus
Background to Christianity:	Jesus was born a Jew and received a Jewish education
CHRISTIANITY:	WORLD’S LARGEST RELIGION
CHRISTIANITY:	Today there are about 2.5 billion Christians in the world
CHRISTIANITY:	About ¼ of the world’s population practices some sort of Christianity
CHRISTIANITY:	Monotheistic Religion
CHRISTANITY	“Christians” are followers of the Christian faith

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