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Cardio/circulatory
The cardiovascular , circulatory system for CMMA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, It serves as the primary (Blank) system | Transport |
| The cardiovascular system delivers what? | delivering oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to tissues, |
| The cardiovascular system removes what? | carbon dioxide, metabolic waste, and other byproducts of cellular activity. |
| A muscular, four-chambered organ that acts as the central pump of the circulatory system. By rhythmically contracting, the heart generates the pressure needed to propel blood through an extensive network of vessels. | The Heart |
| A highly organized and adaptable vascular network composed of arteries, veins, and capillaries. | Blood Vessels |
| carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart under high pressure | Arteries |
| return oxygen-poor blood back to the heart | Veins |
| serve as the primary sites of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange at the tissue level. | Capillaries |
| a dynamic connective tissue consisting of plasma, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets. | Blood |
| serves as the medium through which vital substances are distributed and plays a key role in oxygen transport, immune defense, clotting, and communication between organ systems. | Blood |
| distributes oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body through its various branches. It plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure and ensuring continuous blood flow throughout the circulatory system. | The aorta |
| The brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery carry blood upwards | Arteries to head and arms |
| Thin-walled upper chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. | Atrium (left) |
| Thin-walled upper chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body. | Atrium (Right) |
| A large vein that delivers deoxygenated blood from the lower body into the heart | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Structures that inflate and deflate with air just like balloons. Everyone has 2 {BLANK}, left and right. In the (BLANK) carbon dioxide travels from the blood to the air and oxygen travels from the air to the blood. | Lungs |
| The heart sits between the (BLANK) and works closely with them to make sure there is enough oxygen in the blood. | LUNGS |
| Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. | Pulmonary Arteries |
| A large vein that delivers deoxygenated blood from the upper body into the heart. | Superior Vena Cava |
| Lower chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body. has thicker walls than its counterpart | Ventricles (LEFT) |
| Lower chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs. has thinner walls than its counterpart | Ventricles (RIGHT) |
| Special blood vessels, called (blank) branch off of the aorta and deliver blood into the heart muscle itself. | coronary arteries |
| If there is a problem with the (BLANK) the heart muscle will not get enough blood, and the heart will not be able to work properly | coronary arteries |
| The largest artery in the body. Carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, to the rest of the body. | The aorta |
| A branch of the left coronary artery that carries blood to the septum and the front (anterior) wall of the heart. | Anterior Descending Coronary Artery (Left) |
| A branch of the left coronary artery that carries blood to the left wall of the left ventricle. | Circumflex Artery |
| Blood vessel that carries blood to the front (anterior) right side of the heart, and, usually, to the back (posterior) of the heart. | Coronary Artery (RIGHT) |
| True or False? Blood enters the right side of the heart first | True |
| Blood Circulation Through the Heart-What step is this? Deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body enters the right atrium of the heart. | Step 1 |
| Blood Circulation Through the Heart-What step is this? The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries | STEP 2 |
| Blood Circulation Through the Heart-What step is this? In the lungs, the blood gives up carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen. | STEP 3 |
| Blood Circulation Through the Heart-What step is this? The oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium of the heart. | STEP 4 |
| Blood Circulation Through the Heart-What step is this? The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood into the aorta. From here, it is carried to the rest of the body so it can deliver oxygen to all the tissues and organs. | STEP 5 |
| Heart Contraction is? | The physical 'beating' of the heart is what pushes the blood around the body |
| At the start of every heartbeat, the(BLANK). The inlet valves are open, allowing blood to flow freely from the veins into both the atria and ventricles. | heart is relaxed ;Step 1 Heart Relaxation Heartbeat steps |
| The right and left (BLANK), or squeeze, pushing more blood into the ventricles. This final push ensures the ventricles are completely filled with blood. | atria contract ; STEP 2 Atria Contraction Heartbeat steps |
| The right and left Blank walls (Blank)t, raising ventricular pressure. This closes the inlet valves and produces the first heart sound (“lub”). As pressure rises further, the outlet valves open, pumping blood into the pulmonary arteries and the aorta. | ventricle walls contract ; STEP 3 Ventricles Contract Heartbeat steps |
| The ventricle walls (BLANK), and the outlet valves close to prevent blood from flowing backward into the heart. This produces the second heart sound, known as the "dub" sound. The inlet valves open, and the heart fills with blood once more. | Relax ; STEP 4 Ventricles Relax Heartbeat steps |
| Right or left side of heart? Receives Blood from the body | RIGHT |
| Right or left side of heart? Pumps blood to the lung | RIGHT |
| Right or left side of heart? Receives blood from the lungs | LEFT |
| Right or left side of heart? Pumps blood to the rest of the body | LEFT |
| Atria or Ventricle Activity ? The ventricles contract, causing the inlet vales to close | Ventricle |
| Atria or Ventricle Activity ? The ventricles pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries and aorta | Ventricle |
| Atria or Ventricle Activity ? The atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles | Atria |
| Atria or Ventricle Activity ? The ventricles relax , and the outlet valves close to prevent backflow | Ventricles |
| Atria or Ventricle Activity ? Blood flows freely into the atria and ventricles when the heart is relaxed | Atria |
| Which of the following is not important in preventing backflow of blood? A.chordae tendineae B.papillary muscles C,AV valves enD,docardium | D. ENDOCARDIUM |
| Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle? A.mitral B.tricuspid C.pulmonary D.aortic | A. Mitral |
| Lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? | tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar |
| Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit? | Right Atrium |
| The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors. | The endocardium |
| The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________. | Left ventricle |
| In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult? A. interatrial septum B. interventricular septum C.atrioventricular septum D. all of the above | A. interatrial septum |
| What is unique to cardiac muscle cells? | Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity |
| The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? A.sodium B.potassium C.chloride D.calcium | D. Calcium |
| Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria? A.P wave B.QRS complex C. T wave D.none of the above: atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization | D.none of the above: atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization |
| Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing? A.atrioventricular node B.atrioventricular bundle C.bundle branches D.Purkinje fibers | D. Purkinje Fiber |
| The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected? | isovolumic contraction |
| Most blood enters the ventricle during ________. | Atrial DIASTOLE |
| The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle? | closing of the atrioventricular valves |
| Ventricular relaxation immediately follows ________. | Ventricular Depolarization |
| The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. | Afterload |
| The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? | Medulla Oblongata |
| In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart rate increases above 160 bpm? | It decrease |
| What happens to preload when there is venous constriction in the veins? | In increase |
| Which of the following is a positive inotrope? A.Na+ B.K+ C.Ca2+ D. both Na+ and K+ | C. Ca^2+ |
| The earliest organ to form and begin function within the developing human is the ________. | heart |
| Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart? | Mesoderm |
| The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the heart are referred to as the ________. | Cardiogenic tubes |
| Which primitive area of the heart will give rise to the right ventricle? | Bulbus cordis |
| The pulmonary trunk and aorta are derived from which primitive heart structure? | Truncus Arteriosus |
| Describe how the valves keep the blood moving in one direction. | Heart valves keep blood moving in one direction by opening when pressure behind them is higher, allowing blood to flow forward. When pressure reverses, the valves close tightly, preventing blood from flowing backward. |
| Why is the pressure in the pulmonary circulation lower than in the systemic circulation? | Pulmonary circulation has lower pressure because blood only travels a short distance to the lungs, and the delicate lung capillaries need low pressure to prevent damage |
| Why is the plateau phase so critical to cardiac muscle function? | The plateau phase is critical because it prolongs contraction and prevents the heart from contracting again too quickly, ensuring enough time for the heart chambers to pump blood effectively and refill between beats |
| How does the delay of the impulse at the atrioventricular node contribute to cardiac function? | The delay at the Atrioventricular Node allows the atria to fully contract and push blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract, ensuring efficient filling and pumping of blood. |
| How do gap junctions and intercalated disks aid contraction of the heart? | Intercalated Discs and Gap Junctions connect heart muscle cells and allow electrical signals to pass quickly between them. This lets the cells contract together in a coordinated way, producing a strong heartbeat. |
| Why do the cardiac muscles cells demonstrate autorhythmicity? | Cardiac muscle cells show autorhythmicity because specialized pacemaker cells can spontaneously generate electrical impulses without nervous stimulation, causing the heart to contract regularly on its own. |
| Describe one cardiac cycle, beginning with both atria and ventricles relaxed. | The cardiac cycle starts with both atria and ventricles relaxed, filling with blood. Atria then contract, pushing blood into ventricles. Ventricles contract next, sending blood to the lungs and body, completing one heartbeat. |
| Why does increasing EDV increase contractility? | Increasing End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) stretches cardiac muscle fibers more, which strengthens their contraction (Frank-Starling law), so the heart pumps more forcefully. |
| Why is afterload important to cardiac function? | Afterload is important because it is the pressure the ventricles must overcome to eject blood. Higher afterload makes the heart work harder, affecting stroke volume and overall cardiac output. |
| Why is it so important for the human heart to develop early and begin functioning within the developing embryo? | The heart must develop early so it can **start pumping blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients** to the growing embryo’s tissues, supporting rapid growth and organ development. |
| Describe how the major pumping chambers, the ventricles, form within the developing heart. | The ventricles form from the **primitive heart tube**, which **loops and partitions**. The **ventricular regions expand and are separated by the interventricular septum**, creating the left and right ventricles. |
Created by:
CATCCMA