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unit 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Great Depression | The deepest, longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, this began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. |
| Progressive Era | A period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to 1920s. |
| Prohibition | A nationwide constitutional ban with the 18th Amendment on the production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages that remained in place from 1920 to 1933. |
| Women's suffrage | The women's right to vote, granted by the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920). |
| preservationists | Those who attempt to maintain in their present condition areas of the Earth that are so far untouched by humans. |
| conservationists | Those who advocate for the sustainable use and management of natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and earth deposits, both -- renewable and non-renewable. |
| Welfare State | A system whereby government undertakes to protect health and well-being of citizens, especially those in financial/social need, by means of grants, pensions, benefits. Foundations for modern welfare state in US laid by New Deal programs of President FDR. |
| Liberalism | A viewpoint or ideology associated with free political institutions and religious toleration, as well as support for a strong role of government in regulating capitalism and constructing the welfare state. |
| mass media | Diversified mediatechnologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. |
| The Great Migration | The movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970. |
| imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |
| isolationism | A category of foreign policies institutionalized by leaders who asserted that their nations' best interests were best served by keeping the affairs of other countries at a distance. U.S. tried to follow this advice of President Washington. |
| Spanish-American War | A conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor leading to American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. |
| Treaty of Versailles | One of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. |
| League of Nations | An intergovernmental peace-keeping organization founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It lacked an armed force to enforce policy and was not joined by the United States. |
| fascism | An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. |
| totalitarianism | A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. |
| Axis Powers | Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II. |
| Allied Powers | U.S., Britain, France, which were allied before and during World War II. |
| Nazi Concentration Camp | A guarded compound for the detention or imprisonment of aliens, members of ethnic minorities, political opponents. Primarily Jewish Europeans during WWII. |
| Holocaust | A genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews and members from other fringe social groups during World War II. |
| Internment of Japanese Americans | Forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the interior of the U.S. of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry who had lived on the Pacific coast. |
| Pacific "Island Hopping" | milit. strat employed by Allies in Pacific War against Japan+Axis powers during WWII. bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions. concentrate limited Allied resources on strategic islands not well defended but capable supporting drive main islands Japan. |
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