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Chapter 9
Terms and Definition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Schizophrenia | a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves |
| Echolalia | the repetition of words or phrases that an individual has heard, either immediately after hearing them or at a later time |
| Autism spectrum disorders | a range of developmental disorders characterized by significant challenges in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors |
| Patient/family navigation | a crucial aspect of managing Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It involves guiding families through the complex landscape of diagnosis, treatment, and support services |
| Psychoanalytic | a theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts |
| Neuronal underconnectivity | a concept related to the neurological basis of Autism Spectrum Disorders |
| Frontal lobes | a crucial part of the brain, primarily responsible for executive functioning |
| Occipital lobes | a vital part of the brain, primarily responsible for visual processing |
| Autistic regression | a phenomenon where a child, typically between the ages of 1 and 3, loses previously acquired skills, such as language and social abilities |
| Joint attention | a crucial social communication skill that typically develops in infants between 1 to 1.5 years of age |
| Communicative intent | the purpose behind a person's communication |
| Mute | the inability to produce speech sounds |
| Pragmatics | a branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way language is used and understood |
| Hidden curriculum | the unspoken or implicit values, behaviors, and norms that students learn in school, which are not part of the formal curriculum |
| Camouflaging | the strategies that individuals, particularly those with autism, use to mask or hide their social difficulties and fit in with their peers |
| Stereotyped motor or verbal behaviors | repetitive actions or speech patterns often observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other disabilities |
| Autism savant syndrome | a rare condition where individuals with autism exhibit extraordinary skills or talents despite having severe developmental delays in social and intellectual functioning |
| Synaesthesia | a fascinating neurological condition where the stimulation of one sensory or cognitive system leads to the automatic, involuntary stimulation of another sensory or cognitive system |
| Executive functioning | a set of cognitive processes essential for controlling and regulating behavior |
| Central coherence | the natural inclination to bring order and meaning to information by perceiving it as a meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts |
| Theory of mind | the ability to understand and infer the thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and emotions of others |
| Applied behavior analysis | a highly structured approach used in educational programming for students with Autism Spectrum Disorders |
| Functional behavioral assessment | a systematic process used to understand the reasons behind challenging behaviors in students, particularly those with emotional or behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, and other disabilities. |
| Positive behavioral intervention and support | a proactive approach used in schools to improve student behavior through positive strategies rather than punishment |
| Pivotal Response Treatment | an evidence-based intervention designed to improve social communication skills and reduce disruptive behaviors in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| Early intensive behavioral interventio | a structured and intensive program designed to improve the skills of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder-aims to enhance language, social, and functional skills |
| Person-centered planning | an approach that focuses on the individual with disabilities, ensuring that their preferences, needs, and goals are at the forefront of any planning process |
| Supported living | a model where individuals with intellectual disabilities live in more natural, non-institutional settings such as their own apartments, homes, mobile homes, or condominiums |
| Competitive employment | to jobs in regular work settings where individuals with intellectual disabilities work alongside employees without disabilities and receive at least minimum wage |
| Supported competitive employment | a model designed to help individuals with intellectual disabilities secure and maintain jobs in regular work environments |
Created by:
giselleusc