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Manpreet's stack
Final preparation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is Osteology ? | study of bones |
| what is Arthrology? | Study of joint |
| what are the Long bones ? | Extremities, compact bones, spongy bones, periosteum |
| what are short flat bones? | carpal/tarsal, clavaria, sternum, ribs and scapulae |
| what are irregular bones? | vertebrae, facial bones, bones of pelvis |
| classification of joints? | synarthrosis(immovable), Amphiarthrosis(joints with limited movement), Diarthrosis(Freely moveable joints. |
| what is etiology? | the study of cause of the disease Virus, bacteria, fungus, trauma, heat, chemical agents, poor nutrition. |
| what is Laterogenic reaction ? | Adverse response to medical treatment itself . |
| what is Morphology? | The structure of cell of tissues . |
| Congenital? | disease present at birth resulting from genetic environmental factor . down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy |
| Hereditary? | caused by developmental disorder genetically transmitted, derived, from ancestors. sickle cell anemia, hemophilia |
| Degenerative | caused by deterioration of the body, association with the aging process alzheimer's, parkinson's disease |
| Metabolic | caused by disturbance of the normal physiologic function within the body. diabetes, high cholesterol |
| Neoplastic | results in new, abnormal tissue growth, related to tumor and cancer |
| Proliferation | refers to cell division and differentiation: process of cellular specialization. |
| Histoplasmosis | lung infection that derives from soil but found along the mississippi river valleys |
| Bronchogenic carcinoma | Most common fatal primary malignancy in the US. |
| Flail chest | due to trauma, affect at lease 2 ribs and is associated with pulmonary injury. |
| 9 Abdominal regions | 1. RT hypochondriac 2. epigastric 3. LT hypochondriac 4. RT lateral 5. Umbilical 6. Lt lateral 7. Rt inguinal 8. Pubic 9. Lt inguinal |
| Esophageal Atresia | Rare anomaly in which the esophagus fails to develop some point, resulting in discontinuation |
| Bowel Atresia | The discontinuation of intestines, manifests a few days after birth, most commonly seen in ileum |
| Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | Pyloric canal of stomach is greatly narrowed due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the sphincter |
| Hirschsprung Disease | megacolon; refers to the malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system which results in the prevention of normal relaxation of the bowels. Impairs normal peristalsis. |
| Esophageal Strictures | abnormal narrowing of the esophagus. Can be benign or malignant. Can be relieved utilizing balloon dilation of the esophagus. |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | the persistent retrograde flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus. Often associated with heartburn |
| Peptic Ulcer | the erosion of the mucous membrane of the lower end of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum. |
| Gastroenteritis | general grouping of inflammatory disorders–inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and small intestine |
| Appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix resulting from an obstruction; deoxygenates the tissue. Most common abdominal surgical emergency. |
| Ulcerative Colitis | hought to be an autoimmune disease; inflammation of colonic mucosa. Disease starts in the rectum and works backwards into the sigmoid colon. |
| Abdominal Hernias | protrusion of an organ through an opening in the muscle or tissue intended to hold it in place. Appears as a protrusion outward; mostly seen on CT and US |
| Gastric Volvulus | abnormal rotation of the stomach, greater than 180 degrees of rotation. |
| Mechanical Bowel Obstruction | the lumen of the bowel becomes occluded. Occurs due to hernias, tumors, volvulus, intussusceptions and post-op adhesions. Could lead to necrosis, perforation and peritonitis. |
| Paralytic Ileus | the failure of normal peristalsis of bowels. Most commonly caused by surgery, after manipulation of the bowel. This absence causes the lumen to fill with gas and fluid. |
| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Often is a manifestation to another infection of the heart, kidneys and liver cirrhosis. |
| Intussusception | the inversion of one portion of the intestine within another. Sudden onset of severe pain, vomiting, lethargy Appears as a target or “bulls-eye” sign. |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticulum within the GI tract. Diverticula are very common, caused by herniation of mucous membrane by a defect in muscular support. |
| Benign Tumors | most commonly polyps |
| Adenocarcinomas | malignant tumors of GI tract, surgical resection has been the only successful treatment , if caught in time. |
| Bursitis | inflammation of the bursae or fluid-filled sacs that enclose the joints. |
| Bennett Fracture | fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone |
| Boxer Fracture | a transverse fracture that extends through the metacarpal neck, often seen in the fifth metacarpal (often occurs from punching injury |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | a chronic systemic disease with inflammatory changes within connective tissues |
| Barton Fracture | fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint |
| Stress fractures | occur as a result of an abnormal degree of repetitive trauma. Often times they are not clearly visible on plain x-rays. |
| Colles Fracture | transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly |
| Smith Fracture | transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced anteriorly, reverse of Colles fracture |
| Hill-Sachs Defect | humeral head, associated with anterior dislocation of the humeral head. |
| Idiopathic Chronic Adhesive Capsulitis | “frozen shoulder;” chronic inflammation in and around the joint that causes pain and limits ROM. |
| Enchondroma Benign Cartilaginous Tumors | Enchondroma Benign Cartilaginous Tumors |
| Lisfranc Joint Injuries | area of foot that is prone to stress injuries to mid-foot. Athletes are often affected. |
| Chondromalacia patellae: | “runner’s knee,” softening of the cartilage under the patella, causing erosion of cartilage. Cyclists and runners are vulnerable to this condition. |
| Osgood-Schlatter Disease | inflammation of bone and cartilage of anterior proximal tibia, more common in athletic boys ages 10-15 years old. Injury when large patellar tendon detaches from the tibial tuberosity. |
Created by:
Mann gill