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bio unit 7

TermDefinition
genes sections of DNA that provides the instructions for making a protein
alleles different versions of the same gene
homologous chromosomes the matching chromosomes from our mom and dad
homozygous two of the same alleles
heterozygous two different alleles
dominant the allele that, if present, will always express its traits
recessive the allele that will only have that trait expressed when the dominant allele is not present
genotype the actual alleles inherited
phenotype the physical traits/characteristics seen in an organism
monohybrid cross a cross between two organisms looking at one trait
dihybrid cross used when finding the possible genotypes for offspring when considering two traits at the same time
epistasis when one gene overshadows all of the other
carrier someone who carries the recessive trait, but doesn’t show it due to having a dominant allele to mask it
mutation any change in DNA
mutagen chemicals that can cause DNA mutations
duplication changes the size of chromosomes and results in multiple copies of a single gene
translocation pieces of non-homologous chromosomes exchange segments
nondisjunction chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase, resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes rather than 2 per cell
pedigree chart used to trace the phenotypes and genotypes in a family to determine whether people carry diseases or traits
Created by: user-1971025
 

 



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