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CIS2200 CH-15

QuestionAnswer
hardware physical components of computer system (storage, input, CPU)
software instructions that tell hardware what to do (Programs, NOT physical components)
operating system controls hardware; platform for applications (makes hardware usable by users & apps)
applications programs performing specific user/org tasks (sit above OS in the software stack)
firmware permanent low-level software on nonvolatile chip
BIOS base commands; initializes hardware at boot (runs before the OS loads)
embedded systems special software built inside physical products (cars, cameras, HVAC--not just computers)
platform base for developing/integrating other software (enables complementary goods & apps)
desktop software installed app for single-user personal tasks (lives on one machine; not enterprise)
enterprise software multi-user software for whole organizations (broader scope than desktop software)
software package commercially sold software from a third party (off-the-shelf; not custom-built)
ERP integrates all major business functions in one system (sales, HR, manufacturing, purchasing, etc.)
CRM manages customer sales & marketing activities; customer relationship management
SCM manages supply chain from raw materials to delivery (end-to-end value chain management)
BI systems turns org data into reports & decisions (uses data FROM other system)
DBMS creates, stores, & manipulates organizational data (central hub; connects ERP, CRM, SCM)
distributed computing multiple systems collaborate across locations (splits tasks across networked machine)
server program/machine that fulfills client requests (responds to -- doesn't initiate-- requests)
client program that makes requests of a server (initiates requests; server responds)
application server hosts reusable business logic for many apps (middle tier in multitiered architecture)
web services code chunks enabling machine-to-machine interactions (interoperable: accessed via app server)
API published hooks letting programs request services (google maps used by outside firms = API)
SOA web services organized around org processes (architecture built from Web services pieces)
EDI standards for formatted data exchange between apps (legacy standard XML/Json replaced it)
XML tagging language identifying data fields for sharing (more flexible successor to EDI)
JSON standard format for data sent via APIs (most common API data format today)
programming language syntac & rules for writing software (C, Java, python, SQL, JavaScript)
IDE editor + debugger + compiler in one tool (what professional programmers use to code )
compile convert human code to processor-executable form (required before code
java "write once, run anywhere' programming language (platform independent)
scripting languages code running inside another application (python, JavaScript, VBScript)
low code/no code (LCNC) visual tools; build apps with minimal coding ($27B market in 2023; growing 20%/yr)
SDLC six-step process: plan -> analyze -> design -> test -> implement -> maintain (the full software development lifecycle)
waterfall method linear, sequential software development (rigid; good docs; prevents scope creep)
feature creep uncontrolled expansion of project scope (waterfall is designed to prevent this)
agile development iterative, frequent-release software development (now dominant; flexible but can rush quality)
scrum agile framework using sprints & small teams (roles +artifacts +ceremonies )
TCO total full cost: purchase +training + support + more (includes ALL direct AND indirect costs
CMMI framework assessing & improving process maturity (evaluates org software development quality)
Created by: dallin.james
 

 



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