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Exocrine System Test

QuestionAnswer
What is the function of the excretory system To filter blood and remove wastes
How is the kidney assisted by the endocrine system The endocrine system secretes aldosterone which helps maintain blood pressure and volume, it secretes ANF which increases urine output which reduces blood volume and pressure
What are 3 functions of the kidney Regulate blood volume, produce hormones, and regulate acid base balance of the body's fluids
What are the nitrogenous wastes removed by the kidney Ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatine, and creatinine
What are 3 hormones produced by the kidney Renin, erythropoietin, and calcitriol
What is the importance of the Hilum It carries renal nerves and blood vessels
What 2 main components make up a nephron Blood vessels and renal tubules
How many nephrons are in each kidney 1.2 million
What parts of the nephron are blood vessels and renal tubules BV: afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole RT: proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule
What encloses the glomerulus Two-layered Bowman's capsule
Where is the majority of the nephron found The cortex
How many barriers do things pass through to get into the capsular space Three: foot process, fenestrated epithelium, and basement membrane
What is GFR The amount of filtrate formed per minute by the two kidneys combined
How many liters per day does the average adult filter out 1-2 liters and 180 liters are filtered out
What percentage of the filtrate is reabsorbed 99%
What are the main mechanisms for maintaining a constant blood pressure in the kidneys Constriction of the afferent arteriole reduces blood flow, and dilation of the efferent arterioles to allow blood to flow out
Give 3 things that pas through the filtration membrane Water, glucose, and electrolytes
What are 2 of the 6 mechanisms for PCT absorption Solvent Drag: water reabsorbed by osmosis and carries other solutes along Active Transport of Sodium: sodium pumps in basolateral membranes transport sodium out of the cells against its concentration gradient with ATP
How does the function of the PCL give its function One layer of epithelial cells with microvilli which increases its ability to absorb nutrients
What is polyuria Excessive urine output
What is oliguria Scanty urine output
What is aldosterone Helps maintain blood volume and pressure
What do diuretics do and what is their purpose They increase urine volume, treat hypertension and regulate heart failure because they reduce overall fluid volume
How do alcohol and caffeine act as diuretics Alcohol reduces tubular reabsorption and caffeine increases glomerular filtration
Why are females at higher risk for UTI They have shorter urethras
What is the pathway of urine when it leaves the kidney Renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, internal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter, out of the body
What is going on in the PCT Creatine, drugs, and hydrogen are secreted and glucose, amino acid, urea, water, sodium, chlorine, and potassium are reabsorbed LOH
What is going on in the LOH Nothing is secreted, descending limb water is reabsorbed in ascending limb sodium, chlorine, and potassium are reabsorbed
What is going on in the DCT Hormones, Potassium and hydrogen are secreted, and sodium , potassium, magnesium, chlorine, calcium, and bicarbonate are reabsorbed
What is going on in the CD Hormones, nothing is secreted, sodium, chlorine, urea, and water are reabsorbed
What is the difference between secretion and reabsorption Reabsorption is stuff going into the blood; things the body needs, secretion is stuff going out of the blood; bad things the body doesn't want
Created by: kjdavis9905
 

 



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