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CIS2200 CH-6

TermDefinition
Moore's law refers to chip performance/$ doubles every 18 months; observation, NOT a real law
microprocessor chip that executes program instructions (the 'brain' of any computing device)
price elasticity demands rise as prices fall (cheaper tech=new markets open up)
latency delay in data transfer or networking (the lower the latency faster it is, key cloud storage consent
loT embedded sensors in everyday objects and environment (collects & acts on data automatically)
Compiler converts human code- process instructions
emulator software letting old code run on a new chip (apple on Rosetta)
fabs chip-manufacturing plants; cost over $20+ billion
quantum tunneling electrons leak when transistors too small
semiconductor material enabling/inhibiting electricity flow (foundation of CPUs, RAM, SSDs
sillicon wafer thin silicon disk used to make chips (raw material for semiconductor devices
CPU general-purpose processor; handles any task (most versatile but the slowest (Intel & ARM)
ASIC (Application Specific IC) chip built for one specific task only; fast & efficient and expensive to design
FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) reprogrammable chip; re-routed via software; flexible middle ground: CPU vs. ASIC
Multicore processor multiple cores on one chip; cooler and faster
supercomputer/ HPC fastest computers; massively parallel (frontier=561,663 cores working together)
parallel processing many processors solving one problem simultaneously (basis of HPC, grid, cluster, multicore
grid computing software links many computers as one supercomputer (distributed but coordinated as one unit)
sever farms massive networked servers; backbone of cloud/SaaS (draw ~5% of all U.S. energy
SaaS (Software as a Service) software accessed online via subscription (no local install;vender manages all)
E-waste discarded obsolete electronics; 57$M+ tons/year (contians lead, cadmium
e-stewards certified responsible e-waste e-waste recyclers (basevaction network runs certification)
ISO 9001 (I)nternational (S)tandardization (O)rganization standard for quality management systems (QMS)
ISO 14001 (I)nternational (S)tandardization (O)rganization standard for environmental management systems
byte basic unit of storage measurement
kilobyte (KB) 1,000 bytes- 1 typed page
megabyte (MB) 1 million bytes-1 photo
gigabyte (GB 1 billion bytes- 1 DVD
terabyte (TB 1 trillion bytes- tera=three- Library of Congress
petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion bytes- Netflix library sale
exabyte (EB) 1 quintillion bytes- NSA data center scale
Created by: dallin.james
 

 



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