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PBS 2.1..4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Referral | The process of directing a patient to another healthcare professional or specialist for further evaluation, diagnosis, or treatment. |
| Phlebotomy | The medical procedure of drawing blood from a vein, typically for laboratory testing, transfusions, or donation. |
| Components of Blood | The major parts that make up blood: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, each serving specific physiological functions. |
| Leukocytes | White blood cells that are part of the immune system and help defend the body against infections, foreign substances, and disease. |
| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs. |
| Plasma | The liquid portion of blood (about 55%) composed mainly of water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. |
| Thrombocytes (Platelets) | Small cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding. |
| Hemoglobin | An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen in the lungs and carries it to body tissues. |
| Sickle Cell Disease | A genetic blood disorder in which red blood cells become rigid and crescent-shaped due to abnormal hemoglobin, causing impaired blood flow and pain. |
| Leukemia | A type of cancer affecting blood-forming tissues, particularly the bone marrow, leading to abnormal production of white blood cells. |
| Hematocrit | The percentage of a blood sample composed of red blood cells, commonly used to evaluate anemia or dehydration. |
| Anemia | A condition in which there is a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to body tissues. |
| Polycythemia | A condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of red blood cells in the bloodstream. |
| Canula | A thin, flexible tube inserted into a vein or body cavity to administer fluids, medications, or oxygen, or to remove fluids. |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | A common laboratory test that measures various components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. |
| Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) | A blood test that measures glucose, electrolytes, and kidney function indicators to assess metabolism and overall health. |
| Lipid Panel (Cholesterol Test) | A blood test used to measure levels of cholesterol and triglycerides to evaluate risk for cardiovascular disease. |
| Saturated Fat | A type of dietary fat with no double bonds between carbon atoms, typically solid at room temperature and associated with increased LDL cholesterol levels. |
| Unsaturated Fat | A type of fat with one or more double bonds in its chemical structure, generally liquid at room temperature and considered healthier for heart health. |
| Hypercholesterolemia | A condition characterized by abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. |
| Plaque (Cholesterol) | A buildup of cholesterol, fats, calcium, and other substances within artery walls that can narrow or block blood vessels. |
| Blood-borne Pathogen | Microorganisms present in blood that can cause disease in humans, such as viruses or bacteria transmitted through blood exposure. |
| Universal Precautions | infection control guidelines requiring healthcare workers to treat all blood and bodily fluids as potentially infectious. |
| Veins of the Upper Limb | The network of veins in the arm responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the upper extremities to the heart. |
| Brachiocephalic Vein | A large vein formed by the union of the subclavian and internal jugular veins that carries blood from the head, neck, and arms to the superior vena cava. |
| Subclavian Vein | A major vein located beneath the clavicle that drains blood from the upper limb into the brachiocephalic vein. |
| Axillary Vein | A vein in the armpit (axilla) region that receives blood from the upper limb and becomes the subclavian vein |
| Greater Cephalic Vein | A superficial vein of the upper limb running along the lateral side of the arm and often used for venous access. |
| Median Cubital Vein | A superficial vein located in the bend of the elbow that connects the cephalic and basilic veins and is commonly used for blood draws. |
| Basilic Vein | A large superficial vein on the medial side of the arm that eventually joins deeper veins to help return blood to the heart. |
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