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Stack #4645436

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gene a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.
Alleles a variant form of a specific gene, representing different versions of a DNA sequence at a given genomic location
homologous chromosomes pairs of matching chromosomes—one inherited from each parent—that possess the same genes in the same order, length, and centromere position
homozygous an individual inheriting two identical versions (alleles) of a specific gene—one from each parent
heterozygous having two different alleles of a particular gene or gene
dominant a gene variant that expresses its associated trait (phenotype) even when paired with a different, recessive allele in a heterozygote
recessive relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.
genotype an organism's complete genetic makeup or the specific set of alleles inherited for a particular gene
phenotype the set of observable physical, biochemical, or behavioral characteristics of an organism, determined by the interaction of its genetic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors
epistasis a genetic phenomenon where the effect of one gene (the epistatic gene) masks, inhibits, or modifies the expression of another, separate gene (the hypostatic gene)
carrier an individual who possesses one copy of a mutated (changed) disease-causing gene for a recessive condition but does not show symptoms or has only mild symptoms
mutation an individual who possesses one copy of a mutated (changed) disease-causing gene for a recessive condition but does not show symptoms or has only mild symptoms
mutagen any physical, chemical, or biological agent that permanently alters genetic material (DNA) in an organism, increasing the frequency of mutations above natural background levels
Duplication any physical, chemical, or biological agent that permanently alters genetic material (DNA) in an organism, increasing the frequency of mutations above natural background levels
translocation the movement of materials, genetic material, or cellular components within an organism
nondisjunction the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (meiosis or mitosis)
pedigree a diagrammatic family tree, using standardized symbols to map the inheritance of specific genetic traits, diseases, or phenotypes across multiple generations
Created by: owen14
 

 



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