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chapter 9

QuestioAnswer
any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. elements
when 2 or more elements chemically combine. compounds
Compounds that cells need A: Organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic compounds must contain carbon. B: Inorganic compounds: water. Inorganic compounds DO NOT contain carbon.
energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Items that have sugar and starches would be carbohydrates. Examples: potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread. Carbohydrates
Fats, oils, and waxes. Examples: whole milk, ice cream, and fried foods. Lipids
large organic molecules made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Examples: meat, dairy, fish, nuts, beans. Proteins
a group of proteins that helps speed up chemical reactions in living things Enzyme
Long organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids contain the instructions that carry out all the functions of life. Nucleic Acids
The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Double Helix: Shape of the DNA molecule DNA
Water in cells: A. Water is needed for most chemical reactions in cells B. Water helps cells keep their shape. C. Water helps cells maintain their temperature D. Water helps cells carry substances in and out of them
How do materials move in and out of cells? Passive Transport: When materials go in and out of the cell WITHOUT using energy.
2 types of passive transport: 1. Diffusion: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. 2. Osmosis: The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Selectively permeable: means some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot.
Active transport: When materials go in and out of the cell using energy.
Moving Large Particles: 1. Endocytosis: The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle. 2. Exocytosis: The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell.
RULE #1 Must be made of Cells
RULE # 2 Must be organized: Organization – cells specialize to perform specific functions. Levels: cells make tissue, tissue makes organs, organs make organ systems, organ systems make organisms.
RULE # 3 Types of organisms:
1. multicellular - made of many specialized cells
2, unicellular – made of only 1 cell
RULE # 4 Homeostasis - organism’s response to the environment that keeps conditions suitable for life
RULE # 5 Growth and Development
RULE #6 Reproduction
asexual all or part of the organism is used to make a new organism, offspring are genetically identical to parents
sexual two cells from different individuals combine to form the first cells of a new organism, traits are inherited from both parents
Diffusion: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Osmosis The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Endocytosis The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle.
Exocytosis The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell.
Cells The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Microscope : An instrument used to make small objects look larger.
Cell theory A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
A All living things are composed of cells
B Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
C All cells are produced from other cells
Organelles the general name of tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.
Cell Wall A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms, it protects and supports the cell. A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms, it protects and supports the cell.
Cell Membrane controls which substances pass into and out of a cell.
Nuclear Membrane the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell. Also called the nuclear envelope. **Not in the textbook**
Created by: user-2011712
 

 



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