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Unit 4 pt 2
Personality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | An individual's characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
| Psychodynamic theories | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. |
| Unconscious | According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. |
| Free Association | In psychologists, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, not matter what. |
| Id | "What you want to do"- A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Feud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. |
| Ego | "Balance"- The partly conscious part of personality where the ego operates on the reality principles, satisfying the ids desires in ways that realistically bring pleasure. |
| Superego | "What you should do"- The partly conscious part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgements and for future aspirations. Operates the morals principle. |
| Defense Mechanisms | In psychoanalytic theory, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously disordering reality |
| Repression | In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. |
| Collective Unconscious | Carl Jung's concepts of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species theory. |
| Terror management theory | A theory of death related anxiety; people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death. |
| Projective Test | A type of test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics and explore the preconscious and unconscious mind. |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes. |
| Rorschach Inkblot Test | A projective test designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing how they interpret to ink blots. |
| Humanistic Theories | Theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth. |
| Hierarchy of needs | Maslow's level of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs. Often visualized as a pyramid, with needs near the base taking priority until they are satisfied |
| Self actualization | According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self esteems achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential. |
| Self transcendence | According to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self. |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which and Rodgers beloved would help develop self-awareness and self acceptance. |
| Self Concept | All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, "who am I?" |
| Traits | A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports . |
| Personality inventory | A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feeling and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits. |
| Minnesota Multi phasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identity emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes. |
| Empirically Derived Test | A test such as the MMPI created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups. |
| 5 big factors (OCEAN) | Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism |
| Social- Cognitive Perspective | A view of behaviors influenced by the introduction between people's traits and their social context. |
| Behavioral Approach | Focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development. |
| Reciprocal Determinism | The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment. |
| Self | In modern psychology, assumed to be the center of personality. the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions. |
| Spotlight Effect | Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders. |
| Self Esteem | Our feelings of high or low self worth. |
| Self Efficacy | Our sense of competence and effectiveness. |
| Self Serving Bias | A readiness to perceive ourselves favorably. |
| Narcissism | Excessive self love and self absorption. |
| Individualism | A cultural pattern that emphasizes people's own goals over group goals and defines identity mainly in terms of unique personal attributes. |
| Collectivism | A cultural pattern that prioritizes the goals of important groups. |
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