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Mammography
early detection of breast cancer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A disease characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the breast, which can form tumors and potentially spread throughout the body | Breast cancer |
| A __ is a normal gene that plays a role in cell growth, division, and differentiation. - When it undergoes mutation or abnormal activation, it can become an ___, which may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to cancer development. | proto-oncogene : oncogene |
| Also called programmed cell death. It is the natural process where the body removes damaged or unnecessary cells. | Apoptosis |
| Used to detect early signs of breast cancer in women who do not have symptoms or noticeable lump | Screening mammogram |
| The purpose is to identify abnormalities, such as lumps or calcifications, which could indicate the presence of breast cancer or other breast condition | Screening mammogram |
| _____ examination for women 40+ years old with no symptoms of breast cancer - Process of testing of disease - There is no symptoms here - To increase survival - Perform once every year | Annual |
| - Starting annual mammograms at age ___ helps catch potential cancers early when smaller and more treatable - __________ can detect tumors that are too small to be felt during self-examination or clinical examinations | 40 : Mammograms |
| - Annual ______ provide regular checks to monitor changes in the breast tissue, allowing doctors to track any abnormalities over time - While annual mammograms are recommended by many health organizations, some may suggest a different ____or start age | screenings : frequency |
| MALE BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS | Heavy Alcohol BRCA2 Gene Mutation Aging Cirrhosis/Hormonal Imbalance Hereditary Excess body weight |
| A tumor suppressor gene that normally helps repair DNA damage and prevent uncontrolled cell growth. When there’s a mutation in this, DNA repair is impaired → cells accumulate mutations → increased risk of cancer. | BRCA2 (Breast Cancer 2) Gene |
| - Are used when there are specific concerns, such as symptoms or abnormal findings from a previous screening • For women experiencing symp or to follow up on abnormal screening: specific concerns, has lumps and presence of symp, follow up procedure | Diagnostic mammograms |
| Is a physical examination of the breasts performed by a healthcare professional to detect any abnormalities or changes - The primary goal of this is to identify any signs of breast cancer or other breast conditions early | Clinical Breast Examination |
| - It is often a routine check-up and is recommended for women of all ages, especially those over 40 - Perform by doctor or physician | Clinical Breast Examination |
| PROCEDURE OF CBE - the physician examines the breast’s appearance for any changes in size, shape or skin texture | Visual inspection |
| PROCEDURE OF CBE - using the pads of their fingers, the physician palpates the entire breast, underarm and the collarbone area to feel for any lumps or unusual textures | Manual examination |
| PROCEDURE OF CBE - the physician will check if the lump moves easily, as benign lumps often feel different from cancerous ones | Assessment of lumps |
| PROCEDURE OF CBE - lymph nodes near the breast, especially in the underarm area, are also checked for any enlargement or abnormalities | Lymph node examination |
| CLINICAL BREAST EXAMINATION - FOR WOMEN AGED 20-40 YEARS: EVERY ___ YEARS - FOR WOMEN AGED 40 AND OLDER: EVERY ___ | 3 : year (annually) |
| Is a simple, routine process in which an individual examines their own breasts for any changes or abnormalities | Breast self-examination |
| _____ self-examinations can help individuals to become familiar with the normal feel and appearance of their breasts, making it easier to notice any changes | Regular |
| WHEN TO PERFORM BSE? | Once a month Ovulating/Menstruation (A week after the period ends) Non-ovulating (First day of the month) |
| To perform a breast self-exam, stand ___in front of a mirror and visually inspect both breasts for changes in __, __, __, or __ ___ with your arms at your sides, raised overhead, and hands on hips while flexing chest muscles. | shirtless : shape, swelling, dimpling, nipple position |
| Perform a standing breast self-exam by using the __ hand to palpate each breast in a __ pattern with light, medium, and firm pressure, checking under the ___ , around the __ , and squeezing it for ___, then repeat on the other side. | opposite : circular : armpit : nipple : discharge |
| Lie down with a pillow under your ___ and ___ behind your head, then use the opposite hand to palpate the breast and underarm with finger pads, checking around the nipple and ___ for discharge, then repeat on the other side. | shoulder : arm : squeezing |
Created by:
yulyae