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unit 7 cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the general name of tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell. | Organelles |
| A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms, it protects and supports the cell. | Cell Wall |
| controls which substances pass into and out of a cell. | Cell Membrane |
| double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell. Also called the nuclear envelope. | Nuclear Membrane |
| small round structure in the nucleus where ribosomes are made. | Nucleolus |
| thin strands of material that fill the nucleus, contains information for directing the cells function. | Chromatin |
| Control center of the cell, directs all of the cells activities. | Nucleus |
| small grain-shaped organelles that produce proteins. | Ribosomes |
| Jelly-like substance that fills all the open areas in the cell. | Cytoplasm |
| Rod-shaped structures that convert energy from food into energy for the cell, nicknamed the “powerhouse” | Mitochondria |
| The ER forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell or outside the cell wall. | Golgi apparatus |
| stores water, food, and other materials needed by the cell, they can also carry waste products until it is removed. | Vacuole |
| captures energy from the sunlight and changes it to a form of energy cells can use in making food. | Chloroplast |
| Contains substances that break down large food particles into smaller ones. | Lysosomes |
| When materials go in and out of the cell WITHOUT using energy. | Passive Transport |
| The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. | Osmosis |
| means some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot. | Selectively permeable |
| When materials go in and out of the cell using energy. | Active transport |
| The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle. | Endocytosis |
| The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell. | Exocytosis |
| Must be made of Cells | RULE #1 |
| Must be organized: Organization – cells specialize to perform specific functions. Levels: cells make tissue, tissue makes organs, organs make organ systems, organ systems make organisms. | RULE # 2 |
| multicellular - made of many specialized cells unicellular – made of only 1 cell | RULE # 3 Types of organisms: |
| Homeostasis - organism’s response to the environment that keeps conditions suitable for life | . RULE # 4 |
| Growth and Development | RULE # 5 |
| asexual - all or part of the organism is used to make a new organism, offspring are genetically identical to parent sexual – two cells from different individuals combine to form the first cells of a new organism, traits are inherited from both parents | RULE # 6 Reproduction: |
| The basic unit of structure and function in living things | Cells |
| An instrument used to make small objects look larger. | Microscope |
| A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. | Cell theory |
| All living things are composed of cells | A |
| Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things | B |
| All cells are produced from other cells | C |
| A. Compound Microscope: Focuses light through lenses to produce a magnified image, using two lenses. B. Electron Microscope: Using beams of electrons to produce a magnified image. | 2 types of Microscopes: |
| The condition of things appearing larger then they are, using convex lenses (center is thicker than the edges) | Magnification: |
| The ability to see to details more clearly, the higher the resolution the sharper the image. | Resolution |
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