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Mammography
diagnosis of breast carcinoma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identifying or confirming the presence of breast cancer in an individual or patient - Considered as multi-step process - Involves combination of clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and pathological examination | Diagnosis of breast carcinoma |
| STEPS - Physicians will perform a physical examination to check if there is underlying abnormalities within the breast area | Clinical examination |
| STEPS - Mammography, Ultrasound, MRI | Imaging tests |
| STEPS - If abnormalities are detected by imaging tests, ____ is performed to collect sample from the suspected tumor or lumps | biopsy |
| STEPS - Performed by pathologists in laboratory - They will be examining the sample from the biopsy procedure to test if the cell is cancerous | Pathological analysis |
| STEPS - Confirm the cancers - PET Scan or CT Scan can be used to determine any extent or kung anong stage ng cancer and if it being spread in the other parts of the body | Staging |
| A medical procedure in which a sample of the tissue is removed from a suspicious area of the body to be examined under a microscope | Biopsy |
| It is the removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body | Biopsy |
| GOAL - to determine whether the tissue is normal or if there’s any other signs of disease such as breast cancer - Types of biopsy | Biopsy : Fine-Needle Asoiration Biopsy, Core Needle Biopsy, Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy, Surgical Biopsy |
| It involves using a thin, hollow needle to withdraw a small sample of tissue or fluid from a lump or mass in the breast, which is then examined under the microscope for signs of cancer or other abnormalities | Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) |
| TYPES OF BIOPSY - Helps determine whether a breast lump is a cysts or a solid mass - Collects a small sample of cells or fluid quick and minimally invasive | Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) |
| FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY - Common Gauge: ____ gauge needles - Finer Gauge: _____ gauges causes tissue disruption - Thicker Needle: _____ used for deeper or more difficult area | 22-27 : 25-27 : 22-23 |
| TYPES OF BIOPSY - Is a medical procedure that uses a larger, hollow needle to obtain sample from a suspicious area in the breast to diagnose breast cancer or other breast conditions - Collects a larger, cylindrical core of tissue | Core Biopsy |
| TYPES OF BIOPSY - It involves a small cut or incision on the breast over the area being investigated, the needle then passed through the small incision; local anesthesia is involved | Core Biopsy By releasing a spring, breast tissue is then collected inside the hollow cylinder of the needle |
| CORE BIOPSY NEEDLE USED - _____ gauge - Performed when the F-Knob is insufficient, as it only retrieves small specimens. | 14-18 |
| Indications for use when the F-Knob is not enough: | - Inadequate cellular material - Predominantly blood is obtained - Non-diagnostic results - Imaging appears suspicious, but F-Knob findings are benign |
| TYPES OF BIOPSY - Involves obtaining multiple tissue cores via a rotating 10-to-14-gauge needle while the machine applies suction (23-25mmHg) | Vacuum-assisted Biopsy |
| TYPES OF BIOPSY - Is a cutting-edge procedure that utilizes a specialized needle connected to a vacuum device to extract tissue samples from an area of concern within the breast | Vacuum-assisted Biopsy |
| VACUUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY DEVICE - A small incision, typically less than ___ long, is made in the skin to allow a hollow biopsy needle to be carefully inserted through the ____ and directed toward the area of concern under imaging guidance. | quarter-inch : incision |
| VACUUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY DEVICE - A vacuum assisted device is activated, which gently pulls the ___ into the needle - Several samples may be collected to ensure adequate amount for ____ | tissue : analysis |
| VACUUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY 1. Biopsy needle is connected to a ___ ____ system → called vacuum-assisted biopsy 2. Suction gently pulls tissue toward the ____ from the target area 3. Needle contains a _______/____ mechanism | vacuum suction : needle : rotating plate/cutting |
| VACUUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY 4. Once tissue enters the needle, the rotating plate cuts it into small, ________ samples 5. Samples are collected in a _____ within the needle | cylindrical : compartment |
| PRIOR TO THE PROCEDURE OF VAB - Before a biopsy or any procedure that may cause bleeding, patients are usually instructed to stop taking medications that can increase bleeding risk. These include blood thinners such as: | Aspirin – can prevent platelets from forming clots Warfarin – an anticoagulant that slows blood clotting Other anticoagulant medications – like heparin, apixaban, or rivaroxaban |
| TYPES OF BIOPSY - Is a procedure in which a surgeon removes a portion or all of a suspicious area of tissue from the breast for further examination | Surgical/Open Biopsy |
| TYPES OF BIOPSY - For this type of biopsy, surgery is used to remove all or part of a suspicious area so it can be checked for cancer cells - Perform if the results of needle biopsy are unclear and lesions are difficult to access using core biopsy | Surgical/Open Biopsy |
| TYPES OF SURGICAL BIOPSY - the entire suspicious lump or abnormal tissue is removed from the breast for examination - there is a high percent that the lesion is cancerous - Provides diagnostic and therapeutic | Excisional biopsy |
| TYPES OF SURGICAL BIOPSY - only portion of suspicious tissue is removed rather than the entire lump - Perform before definitive tumor removal or treatment to ensure the tumor is accurately diagnosed and to minimize residue cancer tissue | Incisional biopsy |
| EXCISIONAL OR INCISIONAL SURGICAL BIOPSY? - Entire abnormality is removed - More invasive, often requiring a larger incision | Excisional biopsy |
| EXCISIONAL OR INCISIONAL SURGICAL BIOPSY? - Only a portion of the abnormal tissue is removed - Less invasive than excisional biopsy, with a smaller incision | Incisional biopsy |
| EXCISIONAL/INCISIONAL BIOPSY? - When complete removal of the abnormality is needed for diagnosis or treatment - Can affect breast shape depending on the location of the lump - Suspected cancer, smaller or easily accessible lumps | Excisional biopsy |
| EXCISIONAL/INCISIONAL BIOPSY? - When the abnormality is too large to remove entirely or is in a challenging location - Usually leaves less cosmetic change - Large, deep, or difficult-to-access lumps | Incisional biopsy |
| Refers to the microscopic examination of the tissue sample that are removed from the body to study the manifestation of the disease | Histopathological analysis of the biopsy |
| Helps in maintaining high standards of diagnostic accuracy and improving the overall quality of breast imaging and pathology services | Quality assurance |
| - Occurs when the mammographic findings and biopsy result align - The mammogram’s appearance matches what the biopsy shows - When findings are concordant, it gives confidence in the diagnosis | Concordance |
| - Occurs when the mammographic findings do not match the biopsy result - When findings are non-concordant, further investigation isneeded to ensure accurate diagnosis - can occur due to sampling error, technical issues, or interpretation differences | Non-concordance |
| NON CONCORDANCE - Mammogram findings: malignancy - Biopsy results: benign | False positive |
| NON CONCORDANCE - Mammogram: benign lesions - Biopsy: malignant | False negative |
Created by:
yulyae