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Immunology
med emergencies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid are apart of the first line or second line of defense in the immune response? | first line of defense |
| the inflammatory response with phagocytes are part of the first or second line of defense in the immune response? | second line of defense |
| what are the names of the phagocyte cells involved in immune response? | neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells |
| the surface barriers (skin, mucous membranes) and internal defenses (phagocytes, NK cells, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins and fever) are considered innate or adaptive defenses? | These are innate defenses |
| Humoral immunity (B cells) and cellular immunity (T cells) are considered innate or adaptive defenses? | adaptive defenses |
| Another name for cellular immunity | innate, nonspecific, generalized immune or cellular response |
| Another name for Humoral immunity | Specific and adaptive immune response |
| originate in bone marrow and circulate through blood that transform into macrophages and dendritic cells | Monocytes |
| Tissue bound phagocytic specialists that engulf and kill invading microorganisms that function as antigen presenting cells (APC's); secrete signaling proteins to activate other immune cells | macrophages |
| most common nonspecific cell to show up to the reaction site | macrophages |
| what are the antigen presenting cells in the generalized immune response? | macrophages and dendritic cells |
| Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells are all considered what type of cell? | granulocytes |
| most common/abundant leukocyte: highly mobile phagocytic specialists that engulf and destroy unwanted material | neutrophils |
| essential in triggering inflammatory response in allergic reactions and combat parasites. Also contribute to asthma by triggering bronchospasm | eosinophils |
| both of these cells release histamine and heparin during degranulation that play big role in allergic reactions | basophils and mast cells |
| Many surface projections, phagocytosis, APC's, abundant in skin and mucosal linings of lungs and GI. Once activated migrate to lymph nodes to activate T-cells | dendritic cells |
| Part of innate immune system which are the first line defense against viral infections. Have ability to recognized and kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that lyse membranes of cells | Natural killer cells |
| cells of the adaptive immune response | T and B lymphocytes/cells |
| what will the T cells become after being activated by cytokines from dendritic and macrophages | either T-helper (CD4) or cytotoxic T-cells (CD8) |
| how do cytotoxic T-cells destroy their targets? | by releasing perforins that punch holes in the membrane leading to osmosis and swelling of the cell lysing |
| Chemical released from virus-invaded cell provides nonspecific resistance to neighboring unaffected cells which INTERFERES with viral replication | interferon |
| what antibody is released during an allergic reaction? | igE |
| affecting local area; non-anaphylactic . Pruritus, rash/urticaria, no respiratory distress, no hypotension | mild allergic reaction |
| mild signs spread through body. Pruritus, rash/urticaria, wheezes | moderate allergic reaction |
| anaphylactic (multisystem with hypotension). Pruritus, rash/urticaria, wheezes or hypoT | severe allergic reaction |
| how are T cells activated in the cellular response to start the humoral response? | activated by dendritic of macrophage antigen presenting cells |
| after macrophages and T-cells release cytokines what happens to T-cells? | T-cells clone itself which produce different cytokines that activate B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells |
| cytotoxic T-cells bind with infected cell and release what to destroy them by lysis from osmosis? | perforins |
| what do helper T-cells (CD4) do? what about cytotoxic T-cells (CD8)? | CD4: attack, become memory cells, and activate B-cells CD8: search and destroy with some memory |
| what are naive B-cells? what happens when they are exposed to an antigen? | they are b-cells that haven't encountered any antigens; once exposed it'll differentiate into plasma or memory b-cells |
| what do plasma cells release to help with immunity? | antibodies for specific antigens |
Created by:
Lindsey.George