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classification vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Archaea | single-celled microorganisms that live in extreme environments, such as hot springs, acidic soils, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents, & get energy from sources like carbon dioxide, acetate, ammonia, sulfur, or sunlight |
| Bacteria | unicellular, prokaryotic, microscopic organisms with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, reproducing asexually through binary fission, and often possessing flagella for movement. |
| Binomial nomenclature | the system in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet. |
| Clade | a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics. |
| Cladistics | a method of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships, grouping them into "clades" which consist of a common ancestor and all its descendants, and utilizing shared derived characteristics to infer these relationships |
| Cladogram | a branching, tree-like diagram representing a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships among species based on shared derived characteristics |
| Common Names | terms that differ in different regions that can cause confusion when trying to identify organism |
| Derived Character | a specialized trait that evolved in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and is passed to its descendants, distinguishing them from distant ancestors |
| Dichotomous Key | a method for determining the identity of an organism by going through a series of choices that leads the user to the identity of the organism; dichotomous means “divided into two parts” |
| Domain | the broadest taxonomic rank of organisms; above Kingdoms; based on molecular data: the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya *use this definition |
| Genus | a foundational taxonomic rank in biological classification, positioned above species and below family |
| Phylogeny | the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among species or groups of organisms |
| Protista (See Protist) | kingdom or large grouping of any single-celled or eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus such as simple algae and fungi, slime molds |
| Scientific Name | the two word (Genus and Species) name assigned to one organism; usually in Latin; the Genus is capitalized and the species is lowercase; it is usually written in italics or underlined |
| Shared, Derived Characteristics | characteristics shared between a clade and its most recent common ancestor |
| Species | a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding |
| Taxon | a formally named or unnamed group of organisms at any level in a biological classification system, such as a species, genus, or family. |
| Taxonomy | the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics. |
| Virus | an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host. |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher that developed a classification system based on where organisms live |
| Linnaeus | Swedish scientist who developed the system of classification still used today using the 7 taxa and binomial nomenclature |
| Kingdom Archaebacteria | ancient forms of bacteria that live in harsh (extreme) conditions |
| Kingdom Eubacteria | slightly more advanced bacteria found in three common shapes – cocci, spirilla, and bacilli; may be harmful or beneficial |
| Kingdom Protista | mostly unicellular organisms, organisms may be autotrophs or heterotrophs; the “junk drawer”. Ex: algae, euglenas, ameobas, parameciums. |
| Kingdom Fungi | mostly heterotrophic, multicellular organisms with cell walls made of chitin ex: yeast, mushrooms |
| Kingdom Plantae | multicellular, autotrophic plants with walls made of cellulose |
| Kingdom Animalia | multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell wall |
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