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242
Mid term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enternal | GI tract; anything oral or rectal |
| Parentral | any route other then GI; inj, powders |
| Topical | body surfaces; cream, foams, patches, inhalers |
| Pharmacokinetics | what the body does to the drug |
| Absorption | movement of drug from admin to bloodstream |
| Bioavalibility | how much absorption |
| First pass effect | initial metabolism of drug in the liver then the blood stream |
| distribution | transport of of a drug by the blood stream to the site of action |
| Metabolism | BIOTRANSFORMATION altration of the drug into an active |
| Ecxcretion | elimination of the drugs from the body |
| Half-life | time required for 50% of drug to be removed from the body |
| Steady state | amount of drug removed through elimination=absorbed amount |
| older adult considerations | polypharmacy, don't stop, take as directed |
| What is near miss? | situation that did nit causes a injury only because of chance, must be reported |
| Adrenergic blooking drugs deffinition | blocks beta 1 and beta 2; reduces renin and BP; negative inotropic, chronotropic, domotroic effect |
| Adrenergic blooking drugs use | HTN, Angina, HF, MI, tachy dysrthmias, anxiety, migraine |
| Cardioslective | Beta 1 heart; lowers HR and BP; Atenolol, Metoprolol |
| Atenolol | prevents Heart attacks oral only |
| Metoprolol | most common used after; oral, inj |
| Non Cardioslective | Beta 1 and 2; Heart and Lungs; causes constriction; Timolol, Propranolol, Carvedilol, Sotalol, Esmolo |
| Timlol | prevent future heart attacks in patients that already had them |
| Propranolol | most popular, oral, inj, tachy dysrythmas, migraine, headache, stenosis, tremors |
| Carvedilol | slows progression of HF because it lowers BP and HR |
| Sotalol | so difficultly to treat dysrithimais ; Po IV |
| Esmolol | emergent short acting superventriculars |
| considerations of Adrenergic blocking drugs | causally with COPD and asthmas because beta 2 blocker causes constricts bronchioles; do not stop abruptly ; hold meds if HR<60 |
| Side effects of Adrenergic blocking drugs | Hypotension, Brady cardia, bronchospasm, impotence, weight gain, worsen CHF, dizzy |
| Alpha adrenergic blockers use | Treats BPH or urinary retention from kidney stones; Tamsulosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin |
| Tamsulosin | blocks smooth muscle receptors in bladder and prostate, improving urinary flow; PO only |
| Adverse effects (harmful effects Tamalosin | HA, abnormal ejaculation, rhinitis |
| Antihypertensives | centrally acting adernic drug, lowers BP and HR |
| Clondine | lowers BP by calming down SNS |
| Adverse effects of Antihypertensives | orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, dizzy |
| Considerations of Antihypertensives | do not stop abruptly may lead to rebound HTN; LAST RESORT |
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors | vlocks conversion of angio1 and 2. prevents vasoconstriction and Na and H2O retention |
Created by:
mmarino2