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pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Milrinone (Primacor) | PDI, Incr Ca resulting in an increased cardiac contraction and vasodilation. injectable form. cardiac dysrhythmias, headache, hypokalemia, tremor, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes interactions: diuretics and digoxin |
| Alpha Adrenergic Blocker | Tamsulosin treat BPH in males OR urinary retention caused by kidney stones in females Block receptors on smooth muscle in bladder and prostate and results in relaxation for improved urinary flow. headache, abnormal ejaculation, rhinitis |
| Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin) | can treat BPH and hypertension |
| Hypertension Defined: • 60 years or older: | systolic blood pressure (SBP) of greater than 150 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 90 mm Hg |
| Younger than 60 years and those who have chronic kidney disease or diabetes: | SBP greater than 140 and DBP greater than 90 |
| Clonidine (Catapres) | Not typically prescribed as first-line antihypertensive drugs orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, and dizziness. after other drugs have failed. -Used in conjunction with other antihypertensives such as diuretics -Do not stop abruptly |
| CCB considerations | Can cause reflex tachycardia, and some (verapamil and diltiazem) may worsen heart failure. ◦ Monitor for headache ◦ Withhold medication is BP less than 90/60 |
| Digoxin | Assess apical pulse for 1 full minute prior to administration, hold for HR < 60- IMPORTANT! |
| Amiodarone (Cordarone) | Blocks potassium from re-entering cell to repolarize causing a prolonged refractory period. Vtach, Vfib, SVT, atrial fib, atrial flutter. Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, thyroid problems, N/V, photosensitivity, paresthesia, ataxia |
| Amiodarone admin | May take with food; stay consistent w/ or w/o food ◦ Avoid grapefruit juice, direct sunlight ◦ Many drug interactions Nursing considerations: ◦ Monitor BP, HR, & ECG ◦ Monitor thyroid & liver function ◦ Assess for pulmonary & neuro toxicity |
| adenosine half life | 10 seconds |
| Diltiazem (Cardizem) | Controls ventricular response to atrial fibrillation and flutter by slowing conduction and prolonging refractoriness of the AV node. Is an Antidysrhythmic AND Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) May cause prolonged QT interval-Monitor closely |
| oral anticoagulant | Teach to decrease or maintain intake of green leafy vegetables |
| heparin Antidote: | protamine sulfate |
| HMG-CoA effects | GI upset ◦ Dyspepsia ◦ Flatulence ◦ Aches and muscle pain (myalgias) ◦ Elevated liver functions. Teach to report unexplained muscle pain, yellowing of skin or eyes, loss of appetite |
| Traditional Antihistamines | both peripherally AND centrally -Sedative effect -Have anticholinergic effects, making them more effective than nonsedating drugs in some cases diphenhydramine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dimenhydrinate, meclizine, promethazine |
| Antihistamines | Used for management of: • Nasal allergies • Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis (hay fever) • Allergic reactions • Motion sickness • Parkinson’s disease • Sleep disorders |
| Decongestants contraindications | Narrow Angle Glaucoma HTN Diabetes Hyperthyroidism Uncontrolled Cardiovascular Disease |
| Bronchodilators- | Used during ACUTE phase of asthmatic attacks and prevention of attacks Quickly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow Relief of bronchospasm related to asthma, bronchitis, and other pulmonary diseases |
| Bronchodilators- effects | Insomnia Restlessness Tremor Hyperglycemia |
| Corticosteroids | Primary treatment of bronchospastic disorders to control the inflammatory responses that are believed to be the cause of these disorders -Used for persistent/chronic asthma • Do not relieve symptoms of acute asthma attacks |
| Corticosteroids effects | Pharyngeal irritation • Coughing • Dry mouth • Oral fungal infections (candidiasis) |
| when switching from systemic corticosteroids to inhaled corticosteroids, patients MUST | taper SLOWLY! Failure to do so can result in adrenal gland failure and ultimately death |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics Side Effects | Headache, weakness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension ◦ Impotence, muscle cramps, gynecomastia, breast soreness ◦ Dry mouth, photosensitivity |
| Mannitol (Osmitrol) | IV -Increases glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow; helps to prevent kidney damage during ARF -Reduces intracranial pressure or cerebral edema associated with head trauma -Reduces excessive intraocular pressure |
| Mannitol (Osmitrol) effects | Convulsions Thrombophlebitis Pulmonary congestion |
| Blood Products | able to carry oxygen -Increase tissue oxygenation & increase PV Adverse effects Incompatibility with recipient’s immune system Transfusion reaction-chills, back pain, shortness of breath, fever, urticaria-D/C IMMEDIATELY Anaphylaxis |
| 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment • Finasteride (Proscar) -reduces size of prostate gland to ease passage of urine, helps with urinary hesitancy, and nocturia symptoms -Teratogenic in pregnant women |
| Erectile Dysfunction Medications Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors | Sildenafil (Viagra) ◦ Causes relaxation of the smooth muscle in the corpora cavernosa (erectile tubes) of the penis and permits the inflow of blood Adverse Effects: -Unexplained visual loss -Heart Attack -Priapism |
| Erectile Dysfunction Medications contraindications | Major cardiovascular disorders, especially if they use nitrate medications such as nitroglycerin |
| Testosterone | Development of bone and muscle tissue • Inhibition of protein catabolism (metabolic breakdown) • Retention of various electrolytes • Stimulates the production of blood cells. Inoperable breast cancer in women |
| testosterone Contraindications: | • male breast cancer • severe renal, cardiac, hepatic disease • prostate cancer • pregnant/lactating women |
Created by:
cwehner125