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Unit 4.3 set 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a newspaper campaign? | A media‑driven effort to change public opinion and pressure the government into changing a law or policy. |
| How can newspapers influence law making? | They raise awareness, shape public opinion, mobilise public support, and pressure politicians. |
| What is Sarah’s Law? | A scheme allowing people to ask police whether someone with access to a child is a convicted sex offender. |
| What case led to Sarah’s Law? | The murder of Sarah Payne (2000). |
| How did the News of the World support the campaign? | They promoted the campaign, ran headlines, and published names/photos of sex offenders to increase pressure on the government. |
| What was the “Year and a Day Rule”? | If a victim survived more than a year and a day after an assault, the offender could not be charged with murder/manslaughter. |
| What case sparked the campaign? | The death of Michael Gibson, who was in a coma for 22 months after an assault. |
| What was the role of the Northern Echo? | They ran a major campaign and petition, published Michael’s photos, and pressured Parliament to scrap the law in 1996. |
| Strengths of newspaper campaigns? | Reach millions fast Can pressure politicians quickly Generate strong emotional impact |
| Limitations of newspaper campaigns? | Can be sensational or biased May oversimplify issues Depend on editor interests, not public need |
| What is an individual campaign? | A campaign led by one person seeking justice or law reform after a personal tragedy or injustice. |
| What is Clare’s Law? | The Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme — allows people to check a partner’s history of violence. |
| What case led to Clare’s Law? | The murder of Clare Wood (2009) by her ex‑partner. |
| Who led the campaign? | Clare’s father, Michael Wood. |
| What was achieved? | Pilot schemes (2013) and national rollout in 2014. |
| What is the Double Jeopardy law? | A rule preventing someone being retried for the same crime once acquitted. |
| What case inspired reform? | The murder of Julie Hogg (1989). |
| Who led the campaign? | Julie’s mother, Ann Ming. |
| What change happened? | In 2003, the Criminal Justice Act allowed retrials in serious cases when new evidence appears. |
| How did the Stephen Lawrence case influence law reform? | It exposed police failings and racism, leading to reforms and greater accountability. |
| Who was key in pushing for change? | Sir William Macpherson, whose report labelled the police “institutionally racist”. |
| Strengths of Individual Campaigns? | Highly personal and powerful Gain public sympathy and media attention Can lead to major legal change |
| Limitations of Individual Campaigns? | May take years Emotional toll on families Change often depends on political will |
| What is a pressure group? | An organised group seeking to influence government policy on a specific issue. |
| Protection Against Stalking (2012) What was the campaign about? | To make stalking a specific criminal offence. |
| How did they campaign? | Collecting victim testimonies, running awareness campaigns, and pushing for a Parliamentary inquiry. |
| What was the outcome? | Stalking became a separate criminal offence in 2012. |
| What does INQUEST do? | Investigates deaths in state custody (prisons, police, mental health institutions). |
| How do they campaign? | Supporting families, providing evidence, exposing failures, and public advocacy. |
| What successes have they had? | Helped lead to: Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) Ongoing push for the Hillsborough Law (preventing police cover‑ups) |
| Evaluation of Pressure Groups - strengths? | Specialist knowledge Ability to support victims Influence public opinion and policymakers Can focus on long‑term issues |
| Evaluation of Pressure Groups - limitations? | May lack media attention Limited funding Government may ignore them Can be seen as biased or extremist |
| Give two examples of newspaper campaigns that led to law changes. | Sarah’s Law & Year and a Day Rule. |
| Name two laws changed because of individual campaigns. | Clare’s Law & Double Jeopardy reform. |
| Name two pressure group campaigns that influenced policy. | Protection Against Stalking & INQUEST’s campaigns on deaths in custody. |
Created by:
Cabezablanca