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Unit 4 exam Qs
Short mark questions - essentials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify two of the personnel involved in the criminal justice system that a defendant may encounter before conviction | Police. Courts. Barristers, solicitors and judges. Lay people - magistrates & juries. Probation service. Prison officers. |
| Outline, the process used by the government for making laws | Consultation stage: Ideas gathered through Green and White Papers. Parliamentary process: Bill goes through Commons and Lords, with readings, debates, and committee stages. Final approval: Bill receives Royal Assent and becomes law. |
| Describe two models of criminal justice. | Due Process model Crime Control model |
| Describe two environmental measures used by agencies to achieve social control. | Design impact: Layout can deter or encourage crime. Safe spaces: Natural surveillance through clear sightlines, green areas, & gated alleys. Prison design-panopticon, open‑prison layouts, supermax models. |
| Outline the role of the prison service in England and Wales | Keep those sentenced to prison in custody, helping them lead law-abiding and useful lives, both while they are in prison and after they are released. Work with courts, police and local councils, as well as voluntary organisations, to do this. |
| Outline the role of a jury in a Crown Court case | Listen to evidence Make notes if so desired. Ask questions, via the judge. Listen to closing and opening speeches from barristers. Be advised on the law by the judge. Consider verdict in secret. Decide verdict |
| Identify how the agencies in the Ministry of Justice are funded. | The agencies are government funded and are paid through taxes. |
| Identify who would find a defendant guilty in the Crown Court. | The jury are responsible for the verdict of guilty. |
| Identify who would impose the prison sentence if a defendant is found guilty | The judge would be responsible for imposing the prison sentence. |
| Describe how the Probation Service is funded | This is a government sponsored agency. The government provides funding from income tax revenue. Agency is part privatised. Medium a& lower risk offenders managed by 21 Community Rehabilitation Companies - self-funded, working for profit. |
| Identify two aims of a probation order as a court punishment | Likely answers may include: • rehabilitation • retribution • deterrence • reparation • Protection of society/incapacitation |
| Identify three features of the crime control model of justice | Crime control prioritised to maintain social order Focus on victims’ rights, not defendants’ Justice should run like an efficient conveyor belt with swift case processing. Presumption of guilt Supports zero‑tolerance Aligns with right realism |
| Identify three features of the due process model of justice. | Focuses on presumption of innocence & protecting defendants’ rights Limits police powers Aims to prevent wrongful convictions by safeguarding legal rights. Requires thorough investigation and strong legal safeguards Links to left realism |
| Identify four features of the parliamentary [governmental] law-making process | Consultation: Green Paper gathers ideas; White Paper sets firm proposals. Parliament: Bill goes through Commons and Lords with readings, debates, and committee stages. Approval: Bill becomes law after receiving Royal Assent. |
| Identify one aim of the police service in achieving social control. | • To keep law and order • To protect the public • The prevention and detection of criminal offences • The exercise of police powers such as arrest, detention and interview |
| Identify three aspects of the role of a judge in a criminal case | Make decisions concerning points of law Ensure any case is fair and human rights compliant Inform the jury about the law and their role Impose a punishment following a guilty verdict or guilty plea Decide bail applications |
| Identify three features of financial penalties as a form of punishment | Court‑ordered payment made by the defendant. Common for minor offences Amount reflects ability to pay, with scaled penalties for summary offences. May include compensation to victims, a Victim Surcharge, or contribution to prosecution costs. |
| Identify two aims or objectives of the Crown Prosecution Service | Prosecute offenders Bring about justice Be independent Treat everyone with respect Strive for excellence Treat everyone equally Behave professionally Advise/work with the police service Use the Full Codes test |
| Identify the source of the funding of the CPS. | Taxation/the taxpayer |
| Identify three types of court in the criminal justice system in England and Wales. | • Magistrates’ Court • Crown Court • High Court • Court of Appeal • Supreme Court |
| Identify one non-governmental (non-parliamentary) process of making law | • Statutory interpretation • Judicial precedent |
| Name two criminal courts in which judges sit | • Magistrates’ court (District Judge) • Crown Court • High Court • Court of Appeal • Supreme Court |
| Identify the court in which all cases start | Magistrates |
| Identify three examples of personnel and/or agencies that a defendant may encounter while his case proceeds through court. | • Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) • National Probation Service (NPS) • Court personnel, such as the Clerk to the Justices, or magistrates • Defence lawyer • Prison Service. |
| Identify two punishments that aim to achieve the protection of society. | • A community order • A custodial sentence • A conditional discharge |
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Cabezablanca