single-celled microorganisms that live in extreme environments, such as hot springs, acidic soils, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents, & get energy from sources like carbon dioxide, acetate, ammonia, sulfur, or sunlight

unicellular, prokaryotic, microscopic organisms with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, reproducing asexually through binary fission, and often possessing flagella for movement.

Binomial nomenclature

classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

evolutionary branch of a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all its descendants

a method of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships, grouping them into "clades" which consist of a common ancestor and all its descendants, and utilizing shared derived characteristics to infer these relationships

diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species

terms that differ in different regions that can cause confusion when trying to identify organisms

trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members

a method for determining the identity of an organism by going through a series of choices that leads the user to the identity of the organism; dichotomous means “divided into two parts”

the broadest taxonomic rank of organisms; above Kingdoms; based on molecular data: there are 3: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature

study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

kingdom or large grouping of any single-celled or eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus such as simple algae and fungi, slime molds

the two word (Genus and Species) name assigned to one organism; usually in Latin; the Genus is capitalized and the species is lowercase; it is usually written in italics or underlined

Shared, derived characteristics

characteristics shared between a clade and its most recent common ancestor

a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

group or level of organization into which organisms are classified

system of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics and universal rules

particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells

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Classification

Term	Definition
Archaea	single-celled microorganisms that live in extreme environments, such as hot springs, acidic soils, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents, & get energy from sources like carbon dioxide, acetate, ammonia, sulfur, or sunlight
Bacteria	unicellular, prokaryotic, microscopic organisms with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, reproducing asexually through binary fission, and often possessing flagella for movement.
Binomial nomenclature	classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name
Clade	evolutionary branch of a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all its descendants
Cladistics	a method of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships, grouping them into "clades" which consist of a common ancestor and all its descendants, and utilizing shared derived characteristics to infer these relationships
Cladogram	diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species
Common name	terms that differ in different regions that can cause confusion when trying to identify organisms
Derived character	trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members
Dichotomous key	a method for determining the identity of an organism by going through a series of choices that leads the user to the identity of the organism; dichotomous means “divided into two parts”
Domain	the broadest taxonomic rank of organisms; above Kingdoms; based on molecular data: there are 3: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Genus	group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature
Phylogeny	study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
Protista	kingdom or large grouping of any single-celled or eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus such as simple algae and fungi, slime molds
Scientific name	the two word (Genus and Species) name assigned to one organism; usually in Latin; the Genus is capitalized and the species is lowercase; it is usually written in italics or underlined
Shared, derived characteristics	characteristics shared between a clade and its most recent common ancestor
Species	a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
Taxon	group or level of organization into which organisms are classified
Taxonomy	system of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics and universal rules
Virus	particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells

Created by: sheilamonroe

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