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Chemical Reaction

QuestionAnswer
What is a substance consisting of only one kind of atom? Element
How is a compound defined in chemistry? A substance made of more than one kind of atom chemically combined.
What is the primary difference between a mixture and a compound? A mixture is a physical combination of substances, while a compound is chemically combined.
True or False: Every compound is a molecule, but not every molecule is a compound. TRUE
What interaction between atoms is responsible for the formation of chemical bonds? The interaction of valence electrons.
What is the specific name for the outermost electron shell of an atom? Valence shell
Why do atoms typically form chemical bonds with other atoms? To attain a full valence shell.
In a chemical formula, what does the subscript represent? The number of atoms of that specific element in one molecule.
If a chemical formula lacks a subscript for an element, how many atoms of that element are present? One
How do you calculate the total number of atoms when a subscript is found outside of parentheses? Multiply the outside subscript by the number of atoms of each element inside the parentheses.
What is the name for the substances that enter into and undergo transformation in a chemical reaction? Reactants
What term describes the new substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction? Products
What occurs to the bonds between atoms during a chemical reaction? Bonds are broken and/or formed.
What is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture during a chemical reaction? Precipitate
List three common observations that indicate a chemical change is occurring. Color change, gas production (bubbling), and temperature change.
The Law of _____ states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Conservation of Matter
How does the Law of Conservation of Matter apply to a balanced chemical equation? There must be the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.
On which side of the arrow in a chemical equation are the reactants located? The left side
What does the arrow (rightarrow) represent in a chemical equation? The direction of the reaction (yields).
What is the purpose of a coefficient in a chemical equation? To indicate how many molecules of a substance are involved in the reaction.
What does a double arrow (rightleftharpoons) symbolize in a chemical equation? A reversible reaction that can occur in either direction.
In a chemical equation, what state of matter does the symbol (s) represent? Solid
In a chemical equation, what state of matter does the symbol (l) represent? Liquid
In a chemical equation, what state of matter does the symbol (g) represent? Gas
Which type of reaction involves two or more reactants combining to form a single product? Synthesis (or Combination)
Which type of reaction involves a single reactant breaking down into two or more products? Decomposition
In a _____ reaction, a fuel reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Combustion
What characterizes a single replacement reaction? An element reacts with a compound and takes the place of another element.
What happens during a double replacement reaction? Two compounds react and switch parts to form two different compounds.
Why are Noble Gases (Group 18) generally unreactive? They have a full valence shell.
What electrical charge does an atom develop when it loses electrons? Positive
What electrical charge does an atom develop when it gains electrons? Negative
How many valence electrons are typically required for a 'full' shell in most atoms? Eight
What is the name of the diagram that uses dots around a chemical symbol to represent valence electrons? Lewis Dot Diagram
How many valence electrons does a neutral Hydrogen atom possess? One
What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property? Physical properties are observed without changing the substance; chemical properties describe the ability to change into new substances.
When balancing a chemical equation, what are the only numbers that can be changed? Coefficients
True or False: Subscripts can be altered to balance a chemical equation. FALSE
In the 'Mystery Powder' lab, which liquid causes a chemical reaction (fizzing) when mixed with Baking Soda? Vinegar
In the 'Mystery Powder' lab, which liquid causes a color change when mixed with Cornstarch? Iodine
According to Bill Nye, why is energy released during a chemical reaction? Electrons are recombining with other electrons.
What total number of atoms is found in one molecule of glucose (C_{6}H_{12}O_{6})? 24
How many Oxygen atoms are in one molecule of Ba(AsO_{4})_{2}? Eight
How many Hydrogen atoms are in one molecule of (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}? Eight
Why is a Hydrogen ion (H^{+}) sometimes called a proton? Hydrogen loses its only electron, leaving behind only the nucleus (one proton).
What is the classification for the reaction: AgNO_{3} + KCl rightarrow AgCl + KNO_{3}? Double replacement
What is the classification for the reaction: 2H_{2} + O_{2} rightarrow 2H_{2}O? Synthesis (Combination)
What is the classification for the reaction: Mg + 2HCl rightarrow MgCl_{2} + H_{2}? Single replacement
In a Lewis Dot Diagram for Carbon (Group 14), how many dots should be drawn? Four
Where can a scientist find the chemical symbols for all known elements? The Periodic Table
What is the term for the number of atoms in one mole of a substance, mentioned in the Gizmo vocabulary? Avogadro’s number
A _____ change is a change that affects only physical properties and results in no new substance. Physical
What happens to the temperature of a reaction if energy is released into the environment? The temperature increases.
How many total atoms are in the formula MnPb_{8}(Si_{2}O_{7})_{3}? 36
What is the balanced form of the equation Na + Cl_{2} rightarrow NaCl? 2Na + Cl_{2} rightarrow 2NaCl
Identify the type of reaction: NaN_{3} rightarrow Na + N_{2}. Decomposition
What observation is made when iron (steel wool) reacts with oxygen in a high-oxygen environment? It glows orange and gives off intense light/heat.
According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, what cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction? Matter (or mass).
What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction if they are not created or destroyed? They rearrange to form new chemical substances.
In a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms in the _____ balances the number of atoms in the products. Reactants
Where are the reactants located in a standard chemical equation? To the left of the arrow.
Where are the products located in a standard chemical equation? To the right of the arrow.
What does the arrow symbol (Lrightarrow R) represent in a chemical equation? The direction of the chemical reaction (yields).
What does a double arrow symbol (rightleftharpoons) indicate about a chemical reaction? The reaction is reversible and can occur in either direction.
Which symbol is used in a chemical equation to show that a substance is in a solid state? (s)
Which symbol is used in a chemical equation to show that a substance is in a liquid state? (l)
Which symbol is used in a chemical equation to show that a substance is in a gaseous state? (g)
In the chemical formula H_{2}O, what is the term for the small "2"? Subscript
What information does a subscript provide in a chemical formula? The number of atoms of a specific element in one molecule.
In the expression 2H_{2}O, what is the term for the large "2" in front of the formula? Coefficient
What does a coefficient indicate in a chemical equation? The number of molecules or atoms of that substance involved in the reaction.
If no coefficient is written in front of a chemical formula, how many molecules are assumed to be present? One
To determine the total number of atoms when a subscript is outside parentheses, such as in Ca(OH)_{2}, what mathematical operation is used? Multiplication
How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}? 8
Why is it prohibited to change subscripts when balancing a chemical equation? Changing subscripts changes the identity of the chemical substance.
What is the only part of a chemical equation that can be changed to balance it? The coefficients.
Type of reaction: Two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Synthesis (or Combination).
Type of reaction: A single reactant is broken down into two or more products. Decomposition.
Type of reaction: An element reacts with a compound to form a new compound and a different element. Single Replacement.
Type of reaction: Two compounds exchange elements or molecules to form two different compounds. Double Replacement.
Type of reaction: A fuel reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat. Combustion.
What observation involving gas might indicate that a chemical reaction is taking place? The production of bubbles.
What is the term for a solid that forms when two liquid substances react? Precipitate.
How does a chemical change differ from a physical change? A chemical change forms a new substance, while a physical change only affects form or shape.
Is dissolving sugar in water considered a physical change or a chemical change? Physical change.
What is the scientific unit for the amount of a substance, containing 6.022 times 10^{23} particles? Mole.
What is the value of Avogadro’s number? 6.022 times 10^{23}
The mass in grams of one mole of a substance is called its _____. Molar mass
What is the unit of measurement for molecular mass (M)? Universal mass units (u).
What is the relationship between the molecular mass of a molecule in u and its molar mass in grams? They are numerically equal.
What are valence electrons? The electrons located in the energy level furthest from the nucleus.
How many electrons can the first (innermost) energy level/shell of an atom hold? 2
How many electrons can the second energy level/shell of an atom hold? 8
How many valence electrons do all elements in the first column of the periodic table (e.g., Lithium, Sodium) have? 1
How many valence electrons do elements in the second column of the periodic table have? 2
Excluding Helium, how many valence electrons do elements in the last column of the periodic table have? 8
How many valence electrons does a neutral Helium atom have? 2
What is a characteristic of atoms in the last column regarding their valence shells? Their valence shells are totally full.
In an electron dot diagram, where is the first valence electron dot usually placed? At the top of the element symbol.
In an electron dot diagram, where is the second valence electron dot placed? At the bottom of the element symbol.
After placing dots at the top, bottom, left, and right, in what order do you add the fifth dot? Doubling up starting at the top and moving clockwise.
What does a balanced scale in the PhET simulation represent regarding a chemical equation? Equal numbers of each type of atom on the reactant and product sides.
Balance the following equation: H_{2} + O_{2} rightarrow H_{2}O 2H_{2} + O_{2} rightarrow 2H_{2}O
Balance the following equation: Na + Cl_{2} rightarrow NaCl 2Na + Cl_{2} rightarrow 2NaCl
Classify this reaction: 2H_{2}O_{2} rightarrow 2H_{2}O + O_{2} Decomposition.
Classify this reaction: CH_{4} + 2O_{2} rightarrow CO_{2} + 2H_{2}O Combustion.
Identify the elements and atom counts in Glucose (C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}). 6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, 6 Oxygen.
What scientific law is satisfied when a chemical equation is balanced? Conservation of Matter (or Mass).
What subatomic particle identifies an element and is the same for all atoms of that element? Proton.
What is a compound? A pure substance composed of two or more chemically bonded different elements.
What is the term for a stable particle made of two or more atoms bonded together? Molecule.
What is the primary difference between a mixture and a compound? A mixture is a physical combination, while a compound is chemically combined.
What defines a 'neutral' atom in the context of electron calculations? An atom where the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
In an electron dot diagram for Carbon (Column 4), how many dots are drawn? 4
In the reaction 2H_{2} + O_{2} rightarrow 2H_{2}O, how many moles of H_{2} react with 1 mole of O_{2}? 2 moles.
What happens to the total mass of reactants if they are placed in a sealed jar and burned? The total mass remains constant (stays the same).
Sign of chemical change: What does a change in color usually indicate? A chemical reaction has occurred forming a new substance.
What is the purpose of using chemical formulas like NaCl and H_{2}O? To symbolically represent elements and compounds.
How can you determine the number of valence electrons for Nitrogen using the periodic table? Identify that it is in the fifth main column (Column 15).
What is the coefficient of Oxygen in the balanced combustion of Methane (CH_{4})? 2
What is the next step after determining the amount and type of atoms in each molecule when checking for balance? Total the same type of atoms together on each side of the equation.
If you mix 5 grams of sugar into 10 grams of water, what is the mass of the resulting solution? 15 grams.
Why do atoms rearrange during a chemical reaction? Because chemical bonds are broken and/or formed.
Formula: MnPb_{8}(Si_{2}O_{7})_{3}. How many Silicon (Si) atoms are in one molecule? 6
Formula: AgCl_{3}Cu_{2}. How many Copper (Cu) atoms are present? 2
What does a chemical formula NOT give information about? The size of a molecule.
Where can one find the chemical symbols for all elements? The Periodic Table.
Which specific gas is usually involved as a reactant in combustion? Oxygen (O_{2}).
What is the SI symbol for the mole? mol
In the balanced equation 2H_{2}O_{2} rightarrow 2H_{2}O + O_{2}, how many oxygen atoms are on the product side? 4
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