Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology (P1)
Cells and Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do chromosomes contain? | Coils of DNA |
| What is a gene? | A short section of DNA that codes for a protein. |
| What is Interphase? (3) | The cells grow along with organelles and they increase in number, synthesis of proteins and DNA is replicated |
| What is prophase? | Nucleus breaks down, spindle fibres made |
| What is metaphase? | Spindle fibres line chromosomes across the middle |
| What is anaphase? | Sister chromatids are pulled apart |
| What is telophase? | Two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes |
| What is cytokenesis? | Two identical daughter cells form when the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide |
| How does mitosis work in asexual reproduction? | Replicates it's own cells |
| What does Mitosis produce? | 2 daughter cells, each with identical sets of chromosomes to the parent cell |
| What is the longer name for what is produced by Mitosis? | 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells |
| How does growth occur in animals? | Cell division (mitosis) and differentiation into cells with specialised functions |
| How do specialised cells make more of the same cell? | Mitosis |
| Instead of mitosis, what happens to red blood cells? | Can't divide and are replaced by adult stem cells |
| What else can mitosis do? | Repair or replace damaged cells |
| What is elongation in plants? | Plant cells growing longer in a specific direction by absorbing water into their vacuoles |
| Why does cancer occur? | A result of small changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled cell division |
| What's a tumour? | The group of cells that result from an uncontrolled division |
| Why do we use percentile charts? | To tell the rate of which an organism is growing |
| How can the growth of babies be measured? | Using mass, length or head circumference |
| If a baby was born at the 25th percentile what does this mean? | Heavier than 75% of babies |
| What does being in a high percentile mean? | Health problem |
| What is a stem cell? | Undifferentiated cell which can undergo division to produce many more similar cells (some will differentiate) |
| How are embryonic stem cells formed? | When an egg and sperm cell fuse to form a zygote |
| Give a feature of an embryonic stem cell. | They can differentiate into any type of cell in the body |
| What could a scientist do with an embryonic stem cell? | Clone them and direct them to differentiate into almost any cell in the body |
| What is a medical benefit of this? (3) | Replace insulin-producing cells in diabetes, new neural cells for diseases like Alzheimer's or nerve cells for paralysis (spinal chord) |
| Give a fact about adult stem cells. | If found in bone marrow, they can form many types of cells including blood cells. |
| Where are meristems in plants found? | Root and shoot tips |
| Give a fact about meristems. | They can differentiate into any type of plant |
| Give a benefit of meristems. | They can be used to make clones of the plant, necessary if the plant has desirable features |
| What is therapeutic cloning? | Embryo being produced with same genes as parent therefore patient could obtain embryonic stem cells |
| Give 2 benefits of research of stem cells. | Can be used to replaced damaged or diseased body parts & unwanted embryos could be used instead of discarded |
| Give 2 problems of research of stem cells. | Removal of stem cells means destruction of embryo & money and time could be spent on other areas of medicine |
| What do receptor cells do? | Convert a stimulus in to an electrical impulse. |
| What happens to the electrical impulse? | Travels along cells called sensory neurons to the Central Nervous System |
| What happens in the CNS? | Appropriate response is decided and results in electrical impulse being sent along motor neurones to effectors |
| What do the effectors do? | Carry out the response |
| What are reflexes? | Automatic responses without thinking time, information travels down pathway called reflex arc |
| What is a synapse? | Gap between 2 neurons |
| What is a neurotransmitter? | When impulse reaches end of first neuron, this chemical is released in to the synapse, diffuses and then triggers impulse in next neuron |
| What's the advantage of having nerves surrounded by a myelin sheath? | It allows nerve transmission to travel faster |
| What is the role of a dendron in a sensory neurone? | Carries nerve impulses from receptor cells to the cell body |
| What is the role of a short axon in a sensory neurone? | Carries nerve impulses from cell body to CNS. |
| What is the role of short dendrites in a motor neurone? | Carry nerve impulses from CNS to cell body |
| What is the role of a long axon in a motor neurone? | Carries nerve impulses from cell body to effector cells |
| What is the role of short dendrites in a relay neurone? | Carry nerve impulses from sensory neurones to the cell body |
| What is the role of an axon in a relay neurone? | Carries nerve impulses from cell body to motor neurones |
Created by:
user-1956972