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NETWORKING - L1
An Introduction to Networks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is a system of computers, network devices, printers, and software linked by communications cabling. | computer network |
| is a collection of thousands of smaller networks around the globe linked by an array of network equipment and communications methods. | Internet |
| is a vast network of servers throughout the world that provide access to voice, text, video and data files. | World Wide Web (Web) |
| Network Communication Methods | - Wire - Fiber-optic communications - Radio waves, such as microwaves |
| Why Have a Network? | By sharing software and equipment, network owners can save expenses on resources. |
| is any device connected to a network, such as a microcomputer, a mainframe, a minicomputer, network equipment, or a printer. | node |
| are the cabling or radio waves used to connect one network computer to another and to transport data between them. | Communications media |
| is used by wireless networks in place of cable for communications between network nodes. Network data is transmitted by means of reliable high-frequency radio signals. | Spread spectrum technology (SST) |
| Critical Types of Network Nodes | Workstations Hosts File servers |
| is one that accesses a mainframe, a minicomputer, or a microcomputer that allows access to multiple users. | client computer |
| has an operating system that allows multiple computers (clients) to access it at the same time. | host |
| has its own CPU and may be used as a stand alone computer for local software applications. | workstation |
| is a single network computer that offers multi user access by making software applications, data files, and network utilities available to other network computers. | file server |
| is a node that broadcasts data to every computer or Ethernet-based device connected to it. | network hub |
| forwards data between devices, unlike routers, which forward data between networks. | network switch |
| is a device that connects two or more packet-switched networks or subnetworks. | Router |
| Operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model. Broadcasts data packets to all connected devices Creates a single shared broadcast domain Less intelligent and less efficient than switches and routers | Hub |
| Operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Learns the MAC addresses of connected devices and forwards data packets only to the intended recipient. More intelligent and efficient than hubs. Used to connect devices within a LAN | Switch |
| Operates at the network layer (Layer 3) Connects different networks and forwards data packets based on IP addresses Determines the best path for data packets to travel between networks. | Router |
| is an adapter card that enables a workstation, file server, printer, or other device to connect to a network and communicate with other network nodes. | network interface card (NIC) |
| is a unit of data formatted for transmission over a network | packet |
| refers to the packet format or contents | Frame |
| is an established guideline that specifies how networked data is formatted into a packet, how the packet is transmitted, and how it is interpreted at the receiving end. | protocol |
| Connect different nodes into one or more networks Amplify packet signals to go further | Network Communications Devices |
| Sharing files is a hallmark of networks. | Network Sharing Services |
| is a prime example of networking capabilities. | Internet |
| is a private network within an organization. | Intranet |
| is a formatting process used to enable documents and graphics images to be read on the Web. | Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) |
| enables the user to search for information and to display text, graphics, sound, and video from the World Wide Web. | Web browser |
| network is one in which any computer can communicate with other networked computers on an equal or peer like basis without going through an intermediary (server or host). | peer-to-peer |
| consists of users who share resources (such as drive and printer resources) in a decentralized way. | workgroup |
| Traditional way to build a network | Wired Networking |
| An alternative to using communications cable | Wireless Networking |
| is a series of interconnected computers, printers, and other computer equipment that share hardware and software resources. | Local area network (LAN) |
| links multiple LANs within a large city or metropolitan region. | Metropolitan area network (MAN) |
| reaches throughout a large area (such as a college campus, a city, or across several states) connecting many kinds of LANs and network resources. | enterprise network |
| Is a far reaching system of networks. WANs can extend across states and across continents. | wide area network (WAN) |
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