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NETWORKING - L2
Topologies and Communications Media
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two components of Network Topologies | Physical layout of the cable Logical path followed by network packets sent on the cable |
| Three main topologies | Bus Ring Star |
| is the total cabling of the network. | cable plant |
| is the number, size, and frequency of packets transmitted on the network in a given amount of time. | Network traffic |
| software application or hardware service is one that involves a vital business or support function. | Mission-critical |
| is the availability of backup hardware or software so that computer functions can continue without interruption in the event of a problem. | Fault tolerance |
| is a network configured so that nodes are connected to a segment of cable in the logical shape of a line, with a terminator at each end. | Bus topology |
| Works well for small networks Inexpensive to implement on a small scale Requires less cable Easy to add another workstation | Bus Topology |
| is a network in the shape of a ring or circle, with nodes connected around the ring. | Ring topology |
| Easier to manage than a bus Easier to locate node and cable problems Good over long distances Handles high-volume traffic well Very reliable | Ring Topology |
| TYPES OF RING TOPOLOGY | Dual Ring Topology Token Ring Topology ( has token) |
| is a type of network where computers are connected in a circular or ring structure. A special data packet called a token moves around the ring, and only the computer that has the token is allowed to send data. | Token Ring Topology |
| is a network setup that uses two rings instead of one. One ring is used for sending data, and the second ring serves as a backup in case the first ring fails. This improves reliability and network performance. | Dual Ring Topology |
| is a network configured with a central hub and individual cable segments connected to the hub, resembling the shape of a star. | star topology |
| is a central device used in the star topology that joins single cable segments or individual LANs into one network. | hub |
| Easier to manage than a bus Easier to locate node and cable problems Easier to expand than a bus or ring, especially for enterprise networking Well suited for expansion into high-speed networking More equipment options | Star topology |
| combine the logical communications of a bus with the physical layout of a star. | Bus-star layouts |
| is a high-capacity communications medium that joins networks and central network devices on the same floor in a building, on different floors, and across long distances. | backbone |
| Easier to manage than traditional bus Easier to locate node and cable problems than the traditional bus design Many options for expansion Well suited for expansion into high-speed networking | Advantages of Bus-Star Topology |
| Data transfer speed Use in specific network topologies Distance requirements Cable and cable component costs Additional network equipment required Ease of installation | Media Selection |
| Copper core surrounded by insulation Insulation surrounded by another conducting metal, such as braided wire All covered by an outer insulating material | Coaxial Cable (Coax) |
| Resembles television cable Attached to a BNC connector, which is then connected to a T-connector Middle of the T is connected to the NIC in the computer or network device A T-connector with a terminator at one end | Thin Coaxial Cable |
| is the total amount of opposition to the flow of current. In coaxial cable, a 50-ohm impedance influences how fast a packet can travel through the conductive material under optimal conditions. | Impedance |
| the entire channel capacity of the medium is used by one data signal. Thus, only one node transmits at a time. | baseband transmission |
| employs several transmission channels on a single communications medium. More than one node can transmit at a time. | Broadband transmission |
| is the capacity of a channel to transmit data. | Bandwidth |
| - Pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together (for reduction of EMI and RFI) - Covered with an outer insulating jacket Varieties -- Shielded twisted-pair (STP) -- Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) | Twisted Pair Cable |
| Pairs of insulated wires are twisted together, surrounded by a shielding material for added EMI and RFI protection, all inside a protective jacket. | Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable |
| Most frequently used network cabling -- Low cost -- Relatively easy installation | Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable |
| - One or more glass or plastic fiber cores inside a protective cladding material - Covered by a PVC outer jacket | Fiber Optic Cable |
| is fiber-optic cable used on a network backbone for high-speed communications. | fat pipe |
| s the amount of signal that is lost as the signal travels through the communications medium from its source (transmitting node) to the receiving node, measured in decibels. | Attenuation |
| is the difference between the transmitted power and the receiver sensitivity, measured in decibels. It is the minimum transmitter power and receiver sensitivity needed for a signal to be sent and received intact. | power budget |
| Wireless Technologies | Radio technologies Infrared technologies Microwave technologies RFID Technologies |
| is the measurement of the frequency of the alternation of an electrical current or radio wave. | Hertz |
| Can be broadcast in a single direction or in all directions, using an LED to transmit and a photodiode to receive | Infrared Technologies |
| Terrestrial microwave systems Satellite microwave systems | Microwave Technologies |
| transmission the signal goes from point to point. | Line-of-site |
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