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Integumentary System
Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The skin | Epidermis. Dermis. |
| the integumentary system | skin, hair, nerves, glands, and nails. |
| epidermis | made up of several very thin layers of squamous cells. Squamous cells are thin and flat. |
| The dermis | Made up of a few cells and many thick fibers. Strong and flexible. Contains hair follicles, nerves, and glands. |
| Hair follicles | Hold the hair into the dermis. Nourish the hair. |
| Nerves | Detect pressure, temperature, and pain. |
| Glands | Sweat glands release sweat. Cools the body and gets rid of waste Sebaceous glands secrete sebum (oil). Lubricates and waterproofs the skin. |
| Nails | Protect fingers and toes. Provide base for movement. |
| Adip/o. Lip/o. Steat/o. | Fat |
| Cutane/o. Derm/o. Dermat/o. | Skin |
| Pil/o. Trich/o. | Hair |
| Hidr/o. | Sweat |
| Squam/o. | Scale |
| Onych/o. Ungu/o. | Nail |
| Seb/o. Sebace/o. | Oil |
| hyperhidrosis | condition of excessive sweat production |
| hypohidrosis | condition of little sweat production |
| onychalgia | painful nail |
| subungual | pertaining to below the nail |
| squamous layer | scaly layer; the epidermis is made of squamous cells |
| sebolith | stone made of oil |
| pilosebaceous | pertaining to the hair’s oil glands |
| kerato | means hardness or horniness |
| xero | means dryness (a xerox copier produces copes with dry ink) |
| crypto | means hidden |
| leuko | means whiteness |
| erythro | erythro- means redness |
| xantho | means yellowness |
| melano | means blackness |
| dermatalgia/dermatodynia | painful |
| pruritus | an itch |
| urticaria | hives |
| seborrhea | discharge of oil |
| xerosis | condition of dryness |
| macerate | to soften the skin |
| hyperhidrosis | excessive sweating |
| anhidrosis | lack of sweating |
| depigmentation | loss of pigmentation |
| hypermelanosis | darkening of the skin |
| alopecia | hair loss |
| hypertrichosis | too much hair |
| comedo | a plugged hair follicle; also known as a white head or black head |
| macerate | to soften the skin |
| urticaria | swollen, raised itchy areas of the skin |
| Dermatalgia and dermatodynia | skin pain |
| dermatolysis | loose skin |
| hemathidrosis | sweating blood |
| xanthoderma | condition of yellow skin |
| rhytidermia | wrinkled skin |
| onychophagia | eating or biting the nails |
| hypomelanosis | diminished melanin in the skin |
| localized | rash is in one area |
| generalized | it is spread to other areas |
| centrifugal | started in the middle and then spread outward |
| centripetal | started outside and then spread inward |
| Papules and nodules are both raised. Plaques are flat. | Papules and nodules are both raised. |
| Papules (< 1cm). | Papules and nodules are both raised |
| Nodules (> 1cm). | Papules and nodules are both raised |
| Plaques | are large and flat. |
| Tumors | large solid masses |
| Vesicles | < 1cm and filled with clear fluid |
| Bullae | > 1cm and filled with clear fluid. |
| Pustules | filled with pus. |
| Abscesses | large pustules. |
| macules | freckles, small flat spots |
| patches. | Large macules |
| Vascular lesions | wounds related to blood vessels |
| angioma | collection of blood vessels are raised |
| telangiectasia | collection of blood vessel are flat |
| Petechiae | small bruise |
| Ecchymosis | large bruise |
| skin biopsy | sampling of the skin tissue to determine the cause of an abnormality. A biopsy can help to determine if the patient has a fungal, bacterial, or viral infection. |
| Excision | means surgical removal |
| Shave biopsy | takes small slices of the lesion. |
| punch biopsy | removes a circular area of the skin, much like a hole punch. |
| Scar formations: | cicatrix & keloid |
| cicatrix | Latin for scar |
| keloid | overgrowth of scar tissue |
| Epidermal tumors | nevus, dysplastic nevus & wart |
| nevus | birthmark or mole |
| dysplastic nevus | mole that has abnormal formations or changes |
| verruca | wart |
| Culture and sensitivity | the process that takes a sample of the substance (in this case, the skin) to determine the pathogen (culture) and what will kill the pathogen (sensitivity). |
| excisional biopsy | removes the entire lesion |
| incisional biopsy | removes only a portion of the lesion |
| dermatoscope | instrument used to view the skin |
| dermoscopy | The process of viewing the skin |
| adipocele | hernia filled with fatty tissue |
| dermatofibroma | fibrous skin tumor |
| erythrocyanosis | red and/or blue discoloration of the skin |
| keratogenic | causing horny tissue development |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| pachyderma | tough skin |
| steatoma | a fatty tumor |
| xanthoma | a yellow tumor |
| onychia | a nail condition |
| onychocryptosis | ingrown nail |
| onycholysis | loss of a nail |
| onychomalacia | abnormal softening of a nail |
| onychopathy | nail disease |
| onychophagia | eating (biting) the nail |
| paronychia | condition of tissue around a nail |
| Skin conditions | categorized as infections, inflammation, tumors, or changes in the skin. |
| Skin infections | bacteria, fungi, or viruses |
| Tumors | related to exposure of ultraviolet (UV) light; usually, the source is the sun. |
| decubitus ulcer | bed sore; loss of tissue due to prolonged pressure |
| dermatosis | skin condition |
| dermopathy | skin disease |
| hypertrichosis | excessive hair growth |
| postpartum alopecia | woman experiences baldness after a pregnancy |
| atopic dermatitis | chronic dry inflammatory disease characterized by itching; also called eczema |
| ichthyosis | condition of dry, scaly skin |
| psoriasis | condition of itchy, red, or scaly skin |
| sclerodermatitis | condition of inflammation, hardening, and thickening of the skin |
| xanthosis | condition of yellowing of the skin |
| scleronychia | condition of thickening and hardening of the nails |
| basal cell carcinoma | cancer of basal skin cells; most common cancer of skin; appears as flesh-colored and pearly nodule |
| malignant melanoma | cancer of pigment-producing cells responsible for most deaths; not common; brown color |
| squamous cell carcinoma | starts as small papule; eventually leads to an ulcer |
| actinic keratosis | horny skin condition due to sun exposure |
| hidradenoma | tumor of a sweat gland |
| mycosis | fungal infection |
| dermatomycosis | fungal infection of the skin |
| mycodermatitis | fungal infection of the skin with inflammation |
| onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail |
| tinea | ringworm |
| trichomycosis | fungal infection of the hair |
| acne vulgaris | inflammation of the skin follicles |
| hidradenitis | inflammation of the sweat glands |
| impetigo | highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin |
| onychodystrophy | poor nail development and nourishment |
| actinic dermatitis | inflammation of skin due to sun exposure |
| dermatitis | inflammation of skin |
| seborrheic dermatitis | inflammation of skin due to discharge of oil (sebum) |
| steatitis | inflammation of fat tissue |
| three classes of medications that treat conditions of the integumentary system | - Anti-infection or cleansing agents include antibiotics and antiseptics. - Anti-immune agents are steroids. - Anti-itch agents or allergy agents include antihistamines |
| Chemicals | chemotherapy and chemosurgery. |
| liposuction. | A vacuum procedure |
| cryosurgery. | Cold therapy, Cryosurgery is the destruction of tissue by freezing, which is often done to remove warts. |
| Lasers | dermabrasion |
| Electricity | electrosurgery and electrodesiccation |
| Mohs micrographic | surgery is used to remove skin cancer |
| Micrography | mapping out. |
| Skin grafting | replacement of dead skin with live skin |
| epidermal | pertaining to the skin |
| intradermal | pertaining to inside the skin |
| hypodermic and subcutaneous | pertaining to under the skin |
| percutaneous | pertaining to through the skin; the term percutaneous often is used with surgical procedures |
| transdermal | pertaining to through the skin; transdermal is used when referring to medication delivery |
| topical | applied directly to the skin |
| Chemosurgery | removes the tissue destroyed by chemicals |
| chemotherapy | treatment with chemicals |
| dermabrasion | rubbing away the outer surface of the skin |
| electrocauterization | burning the tissue with electricity to destroy it |
| electrodesiccation | drying the tissue with electricity to destroy it |
| incision and drainage | cutting and draining infected tissue |
| lipectomy | removal of fatty tissue |
| liposuction | vacuuming of fatty tissue |
| onychectomy | removal of the nail |
| onychotomy | incision into the nail (this may be done to remove fluid underneath the nail, such as a blood blister) |
| rhytidoplasty | surgical treatment of wrinkled skin |
| heterograft | graft from another species |
| xenograft | graft from another species |
| homograft | graft from the same species |
| autograft | graft from another part of the patient’s body |
| antipruritic | prevents itching |
| antibiotic | opposes growth of microorganisms |
| anesthetic | temporarily blocks sensation |
| antiseptic | prevents sepsis by killing organisms |
| antihistamine | opposes effect of histamine |
| ABCDE | asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving; used to evaluate moles |
| AK | actinic keratosis |
| BX | biopsy |
| C&S | culture and sensitivity |
| DERM | dermatology |
| ID | intradermal |
| SQ | subcutaneous |
Created by:
Felicia26