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Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asthma | chronic condition, airways become inflamed and narrow, breathing is difficult |
| punctured lung | condition, air leaks into space around lung, causes the lung to collapse |
| pulmonary fibrosis | disease, lung tissue is scarred and stiff, breathing is difficult |
| pulmonary edema | buildup of fluid in the lungs, breathing is difficult |
| hyperventilate | breathing too fast/too deeply, lowered carbon dioxide levels in blood |
| diffusion | movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and blood |
| inspiration | process of breathing air into the lungs (inhaling) |
| expiration | process of breathing air out of the lungs (exhaling) |
| respiratory rate | number of breaths a person takes per minute |
| pulse oximetry | type of test, measures how much oxygen is in the blood |
| peak expiratory flow | measurement, how quickly air is exhaled |
| forced expiratory volume | measurement, how quickly air is exhaled forcefully |
| bronchodilator | medication, relaxes airway muscles and opens airways, easier breathing |
| upper respiratory tract | part of respiratory system, includes nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx |
| larynx | voice box, produces sound and keeps airway open |
| pharynx | throat, passage that carries air to the larynx |
| nasal cavity | hollow space in the nose, filters, warms, moistens air |
| lower respiratory tract | part of respiratory system, includes trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli |
| bronchi | two large tubes, carries air from trachea to lungs |
| bronchioles | smaller branches of bronchi that lead air |
| alveoli | windpipe, carries air from larynx to bronchi |
| lungs | main organs of breathing, allows oxygen into the body and blood, and allows carbon dioxide to leave |
| right superior lobe - lung | top section of right lung |
| right medial lobe - lung | middle section of right lung |
| right inferior lobe - lung | bottom section of right lung |
| left superior lobe - lung | top section of left lung |
| left inferior lobe - lung | bottom section of left lung |
| horizontal fissure - lung | line separating right lung's top and middle lobes |
| oblique fissure - lung | line separating the lung lobes diagonally |
| diaphragm | large muscle, under the lungs, helps support breathing |
| cartilaginous rings | c-shaped structures, keep trachea open |
| epiglottis | flap of tissue, closes trachea when swallowing, keeps food out of airways |
| respiratory zone | part of lungs where gas exchange occurs |
| conducting zone | airways that move air to respiratory zone, doesn't exchange gases |
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