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Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Asthma | A chronic respiratory condition in which the airways become inflamed, narrowed, and produce extra mucus, making breathing difficult. |
| Punctured Lung | A condition where air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to partially or fully collapse. |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis | A disease where lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff, making it harder for oxygen to pass into the bloodstream. |
| Pulmonary Edema | A condition where fluid builds up in the air sacs of the lungs, interfering with breathing and oxygen exchange. |
| Hyperventilate | To breathe very rapidly or deeply, causing excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the body. |
| Diffusion | The movement of gases (like oxygen and carbon dioxide) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a membrane. |
| Inspiration | The process of inhaling air into the lungs. |
| Expiration | The process of exhaling air out of the lungs. |
| Respiratory Rate | The number of breaths a person takes per minute. |
| Pulse Oximetry | A noninvasive test that measures the oxygen saturation level of the blood using a small sensor placed on a finger or earlobe. |
| Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) | The maximum speed of air expelled from the lungs during a forceful exhalation. |
| Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) | The measurement of how fast a person can blow air out of their lungs after a deep breath, usually measured with a peak flow meter. |
| Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) | The amount of air a person can forcefully exhale in the first second after taking a deep breath. |
| Bronchodilator | A medication that relaxes the muscles around the airways, widening them and making breathing easier. |
| Upper Respiratory Tract | The part of the respiratory system that includes the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx and is responsible for filtering, warming, and moistening incoming air. |
| Larynx | The voice box located between the pharynx and trachea that contains the vocal cords and helps produce sound. |
| Pharynx | The throat; a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus. |
| Nasal cavity | The hollow space inside the nose where air is warmed, moistened, and filtered before entering the lungs. |
| Lower Respiratory Tract | The portion of the respiratory system that includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. |
| Bronchi | Two large air passages that branch from the trachea and lead into each lung. |
| Bronchioles | Smaller branches of the bronchi that lead air deeper into the lungs. |
| Alveoli | Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood. |
| Trachea | The windpipe; a tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi. |
| Lungs | Two spongy organs in the chest responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood. |
| Right Superior Lobe (Right Upper) | The upper section of the right lung. |
| Right Medial Lobe (Right Middle) | The middle section of the right lung. |
| Right Inferior Lobe (Right Lower) | The bottom section of the right lung. |
| Left Superior Lobe (Left Upper) | The upper section of the left lung. |
| Left Inferior Lobe (Left Lower) | The lower section of the left lung. |
| Horizontal Fissure | A groove in the right lung that separates the upper and middle lobes. |
| Oblique Fissure | A groove that separates the upper and lower lobes of the left lung and the middle and lower lobes of the right lung. |
| Diaphragm | A dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs that contracts to allow inhalation and relaxes during exhalation. |
| Cartilaginous Rings | C-shaped rings of cartilage in the trachea that keep the airway open. |
| Epiglottis | A flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway. |
| Respiratory Zone | The part of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli). |
| Conducting Zone | The portion of the respiratory tract that carries air to the respiratory zone but does not participate in gas exchange (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles). |
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