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english
he
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Historical Context - Victorian Era | |
| 1832-1900 | |
| Refers to Queen Victoria of England | |
| Ruled for 60 years | |
| Reigned from 1837-1901 | |
| England during this time is the industrial and colonial super power | |
| Some were proud, some thought England lost sight of values | |
| Victorians are seen as prudish/ repressed because of their strong value in proper morals and manners | |
| Table skirts exist to keep table legs modest | |
| Pregnancy is something you weren’t supposed to talk about | |
| Not considered proper to appear in public while visibly pregnant | |
| 1832 - First Reform Bill | |
| Didn’t do much for the poor | |
| Conditions during this time were extremely hard for poor - sickness, poverty, hunger, etc | |
| Factory Acts | |
| Limits on child labor and employment hours | |
| Second Reform Bill | |
| All men can vote except for farmers (NOT farm owners, but people who actually work the land) | |
| Late 1800s - Peak of English empire | |
| “Sun never sets on England” | |
| India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada | |
| Germany is gaining strength as a world superpower | |
| Increased middle class, increased interest in socialism from lower class | |
| Evangelicalism - promotes social reform, hardwork | |
| Utilitarianism - emphasizes reason and science, do what brings the most happiness | |
| Evolutionism - Promotes evolution and the survival the fittest, impacts world view of God and place in the universe | |
| The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin | |
| Socialism/ Communism | |
| The Communist Manifesto by Karl Mark (1848) | |
| Lays out beliefs of Communism | |
| Das Kapital (1867) | |
| Predicts the defeat of communism by socialism | |
| Literature | |
| Literature is becoming diversified | |
| Becomes more prose | |
| Nonfiction - essays of social criticism | |
| Fiction - novels | |
| Long because they were published serially | |
| Cheaper to produce and engages the public | |
| Monthly publications | |
| 3 Volume Novel | |
| Focus of lives of more realistic characters | |
| Drama is less prominent, but Oscar Wilde keeps it relevant | |
| Language change connected to science developments | |
| Increased interest in studying English language | |
| Oxford English Dictionary | |
| Oscar Wilde | |
| 1854-1900 | |
| Born in Dublin, Ireland (Irish, not English) | |
| Trinity College | |
| Most famous Irish college, Book of Kells | |
| Also attended Oxford | |
| Spent 2 years in prison for Homosexuality | |
| “Ars Gratia Artis” - Art for Art’s Sake | |
| He mostly wrote plays, but has a novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” | |
| The Importance of Being Earnest | |
| Double meaning in the title, Ernest (character name) and Ernest (honest, sincere, etc.) | |
| Characters are earnest about silly things | |
| Satiric - a joke aimed at society | |
| The Importance of Being Ernest | |
| Act 1 | |
| Algernon won’t give Ernest his cigarette box until he answers some questions | |
| Jack is lying (not sure if name is Ernest/ Jack, says he doesn’t know Cecily, then says she’s his aunt and then says he’s her uncle) | |
| Bunburying - coming up with alias | |
| Algernon comes up with Bunbury who is sick a lot | |
| Used as an excuse to get out of social gatherings | |
| Jack does this slightly differently | |
| Lives two separate lives, Jack in the country, Ernest in the city | |
| Says that Ernest is Jack’s brother who always gets in trouble | |
| Wants to see Gwendolen and get away from responsibility in the country | |
| Cecily’s guardian (18 years old), but Jack is still young (28) | |
| No cucumber sandwiches when Lady Bracknell visits | |
| Lane (servant) says that the market was out, but Algernon actually ate them all | |
| Butler’s duty to cover for master | |
| Bracknell sees Jack as unfit for Gwendolen because no one knows who his parents are | |
| Doesn’t know if he’s from a good family | |
| Found in a leather handbag at a train station | |
| Jack doesn’t want Algernon to meet Cecily because she’s young and pretty | |
| Algernon eavesdrops on Jack telling Gwendolen his home address in the country | |
| Act 2 | |
| Algernon pretends to be Ernest when visiting Jack’s country home | |
| Awkward for Jack because he just said Ernest is dead | |
| Cecily holds “relationship” with Ernest in her diary | |
| Get engaged, break it off, write letters, he “sends” her jewelry (even though they’ve never met nor spoken) | |
| Gwendolen and Cecily think they’re engaged to the same man | |
| Christening is both baptism and getting your legal name (Christian name = first name) | |
| Both Jack and Algy want to change their name to Ernest because their marriage depends on it | |
| Act 3 | |
| Lady Bracknell says that Cecily can marry Algy because she’s rich (indirectly) | |
| Suddenly says that Cecily is pretty and nice after hearing that she’s rich | |
| Wilde is poking fun at trends with the whole chin thing | |
| Jack says that Algernon can’t marry Cecily because Algy is a bad person | |
| Actually using the situation for bargaining ground for Gwendolen | |
| Lady Bracknell knows Miss Prism | |
| Miss Prism accidentally switched her book and a baby (Jack) | |
| Loses bag with baby in it | |
| Jack is Algernon’s older brother and is, in fact, named Ernest John | |
| Miss Prism isn’t Jack’s mother | |
| Two young couples are allowed to marry and Miss Prism and Dr. Chasuble get together | |
| Wilde’s approach to humor | |
| Techniques: | |
| Societal absolutes | |
| Paraprosdokian (idea of changed/ thwarted expectations) | |
| Extreme and consistent characters | |
| Satire | |
| Puns, banter | |
| Take trivial things VERY seriously | |
| Sutherland Lecture Notes | |
| Who was the first celebrity author and what are a couple things we know about him? | |
| Byron - dashing, amoral | |
| Why is he not a true celebrity author and how is that term defined | |
| Byron’s reputation is dependent on his works. He defines a celebrity author as someone who is more famous outside of their works | |
| What did Wilde claim was his major work? What was actually his major work? | |
| Himself; The Importance of Being Ernest | |
| When was Wilde’s heyday and what were creative artists like at this time? | |
| 1890s, questing and insulting society | |
| Wilde’s background? | |
| Born in 1854 in Dublin | |
| Father is a surgeon | |
| Cultured and brilliant | |
| Upperclass | |
| Born protestant, dies catholic | |
| Oxford | |
| Majored in classics | |
| What things did Wilde believe imitated art and what was art’s proper aim? | |
| Life, nature; Lying | |
| Wilde’s educational background | |
| Well educated, top of his class, majored in classics | |
| What does Wilde say about Christ and what application does Sutherland make with regard to Wilde’s approach to life | |
| Christ is a poet, Wilde approaches life through an artistic lens | |
| What are a couple noteworthy aspects of the beginning of the Picture of Dorian Gray | |
| Appeals to the senses (smell with flowers), little narrative drive (pictorial), artificial, overdone | |
| Why was drama better for Wilde | |
| He could focus on wit and content and not have to focus so much on surroundings | |
| When Wilde was convicted of "offenses against public decency,” what was his sentence? | |
| 2 years with hard labor | |
| What things have enshrined Wilde’s memory? | |
| Death and persecution | |
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Grace48