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History holocaust
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pyramid of hate | Bias -> individual acts of prejudice -> discrimination -> bias-motivated violence -> genocide |
| Oppression | It’s progressive; starts with small bias and discrimination, ends with systematic (governmental) abuse |
| Discrimination | To treat a person differently, or less favorably, for some reason |
| Prejudice | A personal preference, like or dislike |
| Stereotype | Preconceived ideas that assume all members of a group have the same characteristics |
| Aryan | Considered to be the “master race”, German people, established by the Nazis |
| Scapegoat | They were Jews, blaming them for Germany’s problems like loosing World War 1 and all the economic and political problems that followed |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god (Judaism, Christianity, Islam - “Abrahamic” faiths) |
| What is the Holocaust | The systematic persecution and murder of approximately 6 million Jews done by the Nazis from 1933-1945 (1933 is when Hitler became chancellor) |
| Anti-semitism | Hatred of Jewish people |
| Romeo and Jewish Diaspora | AD 70-132, Jewish revolts lead to expulsion by Romans and Jews were forced to settle throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East |
| Crusades | Crusader mobs swept through Jewish communities looting, raping, and massacring them |
| Bubonic plague | Due to myths and stereotypes the people accused Jews of poisoning the wells and spreading the disease even though they themselves were also dying from it |
| Spanish Inquisition | Drives Jews and Muslims from Spain because they were suspected of not truly following Christianity |
| Martin Luther | Wrote “On the Jews and Their Lies”, very anti-semitic and claimed that Jews thirsted for Christian blood and urged the slaying of Jews |
| Deicide | A Christian belief that Jew’s were responsible for Jesus’s death |
| Blood libel | A lie that said Jews murdered Christians to use blood in rituals like Passover |
| Usury and money lending | Catholic churches considered it a sin to charge interest for lending money, out of necessity Jews became moneylenders |
| Adolf Hitler | A dictator of Nazi Germany who led the Nazi Party and was responsible for starting World War 2 and the Holocaust, also wrote a book called “Mein Kampf” meaning “my struggles” |
| Nazism | Led by Adolf Hitler, was the racist ideology of the Nazis that promoted Aryan superiority and anti-semitism |
| Nuremberg laws | Laws that took away Jew’s German citizenship, forbade marriages between Jews and non-Jews, and limited the jobs Jews could have (1935) |
| Ghettos | Started in the Middle Ages and relocation to the ghettos was forced |
| Nazi propaganda | Use of posters, speeches, films and schools to spread anti-semitism of all age groups (ex: creepy man poster, mushroom book) |
| Kristallnacht | “The night of broken glass” a violent attack by the Nazis against the Jews because a boy shot a famous German Dictator after finding out that his dad was being deported after living in Germany for so long |
| Pogrom | An organized attack or massacre of a specific ethnic group, especially Jews in Russia or Eastern Europe |
| Warsaw ghetto | Was in Poland and was the largest, holding over 400,000 Jews and a lot of resistance and uprisings occurred there before most residents were sent to concentration camps |
| Star of David | Used to identify Jews |
| Gestapo | The secret police of the Nazis that spied on and arrested anyone they saw as a threat |
| Auschwitz | Largest death camp in Poland |
| Wannsee conference | A meeting where Nazi leaders planned the final solution |
| Genocide | Systemic killing of a large group of people based on race, religion or ethnicity |
| Euthanasia (T4) program | When Nazi’s systematically killed people with disabilities (adults and kids) |
| Final solution | Nazi’s plan to systematically murder all the Jews |
| Death camps | Camps built to kill large numbers of people at once |
| Gas chambers | Killing people with gas in a room |
| Invasion of Poland | Nazis wanted to enslave/execute Poles and Slavs, the Star of David was used and the ghettos were established |
| Invasion of Russia | Death squads mass shot Jews and others |
| Warsaw ghetto uprising | Jewish youth fighters fought back against the Nazis (rose the Jewish and Polish flags) [AM 19-16] |
| Bielski brothers | They were partisans/resistance fighters, and saved about 1,200 Jews (Tuvia, Zus, Asael) |
| Partisans/resistance fighters | People who secretly fought back against the Nazis |
| Miep Gies | Hid Anne Frank and her family from the Nazis |
| Renee Scott | Prepared and distributed false passports to Jews, for end up getting arrested and then was later moved to a concentration camp (200 - 300 false papers a week) |
| Oskar Schindler | Employed Jews and made a list |
| Righteous among the nation | Non-Jews who are honored for saving Jews in Yad Vashem, Israel’s Holocaust Memorial, for risking their lives to aid Jews during the Holocaust |
| Nuremberg trials | Happened after World War 2, where Nazi leaders were persecuted for their crimes against humanity |
| Crimes against humanity | Serious crimes like murder, persecution, or enslavement committed against large groups of civilians |
| War crimes | Violations of the war laws, like harming civilians or prisoners of the war |
| Universal declaration of human rights | Created by the United Nations that states the basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to |
| Israel | It became a homeland for Jews, there’s a conflict with it’s Arab neighbors, and it’s one of US’s closest allies |
| Zionism | A movement supporting the creation and protection of a Jewish homeland in Israel |
| Jerusalem | A city important for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
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Aashi_Dixit