Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Final Test Biology
Final Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane: | composed of phospholipids and transport proteins; function to move things into and out of the cell. |
| Cellular Transport | :movement of substances across the membrane, two methods Passive transport- requires no energy OR Active transport- requires energy |
| Passive transport | methods: Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion |
| Diffusion | molecule from high concentration to area low concentration |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water, water & oxygen can cross the cell membrane |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Fusion of larger molecules through a channel protein. |
| Active Transport | 3 types, Molecular Transport, Endocytosis, Exocyosis |
| Molecular Transport: | Minerals require a pump to move them in and out of the cell |
| Endocytosis | Taking In large molecules by the cell. |
| Exocytosis | Removing large particles from the cell stuff the cell. |
| Hypertonic | high outside, H20 moves out |
| Homeostasis | maintaining balance or sameness |
| Isotonic | the same, balanced H20 |
| Contractile Vacuoles: | Freshwater organisms have structures to pump out water |
| Nucleus- | Contains DNA, & DNA contains genes |
| Ribosomes- | Very small & Site of protein synthesis |
| Cytoplasm- | Jelly-like mixture of water, ions, sugars and proteins. & Fills between organelles |
| Mitochondria- | Produces energy for the cell by converting molecules from food into energy the cell can use & perform cellular respiration. |
| Golgi Apparatus- | Modifies, packages, and transports proteins |
| Chloroplasts- | Perform photosynthesis turning energy from the sun into molecules & contain |
| Somatic/Body Cells- | produced by asexual, and produces Diploid cells |
| Diploid: | cells with 2 sets of paired chromosomes (46 chromosomes FULL) |
| Gamete/Sex Cells- | cells used for sexual, and produces Haploid |
| Haploid: | Cells have 1 set of unpaired chromosomes (23 chromosomes HALF) |
| G1- | Growth(Increases size) |
| S- | DNA replication |
| G2- | Growth(prepare for division) |
| M- | Mitosis(nucleus divides) |
| G0 | Cells may stay in __ because its a resting area for them |
| Cell cycle regulators: | signal cell death, stop cell division |
| Checkpoint proteins: | DNA is copied completely or is damaged |
| Cyclins- | Internal and external regulators |
| Internal | allow reproduction proceed until chromosomes are copied |
| External: | Celled growth factors speed up or slow down the cell cycle. |
| Neoplasm: | mass of cells that lost control |
| Tumors | Neoplasm that become Lumps |
| Oncogenes | genes that transform normals cells into tumor cells |
| Cancer | occurs when neoplasm become malignant |
| Malignant | disrupt body tissues |
| Metastasis | Malignant cells break loose and travel elsewhere in the body. |
| Prophase | (chromosomes see able), |
| Metaphase | (line in the middle), |
| Anaphase | (separate from each other), |
| Telophase | (Spindle broken become new nuclei) |
| Homologous pair- | one chromosome from each pair is from each parent. |
| Meiosis | process of creating a gamete(sex cell) & produces 4 not-identical haploid daughter cells |
| Meiosis I | PI, MI, AI, and TI 1 cell divides into 2 cells |
| Meiosis II | PII, MII, AII, and TII, Divides 2 cells into 4 cells |
| Crossing over: | Happens in Prophase I of meiosis, Homologous pair join |
| Independent assortment: | Happens in Metaphase I of Meiosis Homologous pair lines up |
| Energy- | All living things need energy to survive |
| Chloroplasts | Where photosynthesis occurs |
| Thylakoids discs | oval organelle made of stacks |
| Stoma (stomata): | are openings on the leaf, gases are exchanged there. Also space inside the chloroplast |
| Glycolysis: | occurs in Cytoplasm of all cells, breakdown glucose, Produces 2 ATP. |
| Krebs Cycle: | occurs in mitochondria, Pyruvate is broken down, produces 2 ATP, 6 CO2 are produced as a byproduct |
| Electron Transport Chain: | Occurs in mitochondria, Needs O2, Produces 32 ATP, H2O is produced as a byproduct |
| Genetic | study of heredity |
| Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Allele | |
| Genes | factors that determine your traits |
| Genotype | what genes, letter, ex) TT, Tt, tt |
| Phenotype | what it looks like. ex) Tall or short |
| Dominance | Uppercase letter ex) TT, Tt |
| Recessiveness | lowercase letters ex) tt |
| Co-Dominanace- | two different alleles show up equally in heterozygous. ex) RR + WW = RW |
| lncomplete Dominance- | one allele, fully dominant over the other. ex) RR + WW = RW |
| Polygenic | traits affected by multiple genes |
| Pleiotropy- | one gene controlling many different traits |
| Alternate Phenotype | water fleas, tree frogs due to presence of predators |
| Asexual: | cell formed by one cell dividing into 2 cells, offsprings are identical to parents |
| Sexual: | cell formed by two cell joining to make 1 cell, offspring are unique to parents |
| Autotrophs | (plants): make food from the sun-photosynthesis |
| Heterotophs | (animals) consume food |
| ATP | an energy carrying molecule. Produced by mitochondria, requires glucose & oxygen to make, breaking bonds releases energy. |
Created by:
user-2016032