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unit 10 bio vocab

TermDefinition
evolution cumulative changes in groups of organisms through time
fossil a physical trace of an organism that was alive in the past
principle of superposition the idea that lower layers of rock are older than layers above them.
artifical selection Darwin’s term for the selective breeding of organisms selected for certain traits in order to produce offspring having those traits.
adaptation an inherited characteristic or trait that develops over time in a species, enabling it to better survive and reproduce in its environment
fitness measure of the relative contribution that an individual makes towards the next generation
natural selection theory of evolution developed by Darwin; the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to their heritable traits, leading to changes in a population
vestigal structure reduced form of a functional structure that indicates shared ancestry.
anaalogous structure structure that has the same function but different construction and was not inherited from a common ancestor.
gene pool the sum of all alleles for all traits in a sexually reproducing population
genetic drift random change in allelic frequencies in a population.
bottleneck effect process in which a large population declines in number, then rebounds.
founder effect random effect that can occur when a small population settles in an area separated from the rest of the population and interbreeds, producing unique allelic variations.
gene flow the addition of genes to a population by individuals migrating to join a new breeding population.
species The idea that the diversity of life is divisible into a finite number of definable species.
speciation new species develops when some individuals in a species evolve so many changes from another group of individuals that they can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
reproductive isolation the inability of different populations or species to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
gradualism theory that evolution occurs in small, gradual steps over time.
puncuated equillibrium theory that evolution occurs with relatively sudden periods of speciation followed by long periods of stability.
adaptive radiation diversification of a species into a number of different species, often over a relatively short time span.
convergent evolution type of evolution in which unrelated species independently evolve similar traits even though they live in different parts of the world
coevolution type of evolution in which two species have such a close relationship that evolution of one species affects the evolution of other species
reproductive success the number of offspring an individual produces that survive to an age at which they themselves can reproduce
biogeography study of the distribution of plants and animals on Earth.
homologous structure anatomically similar structure inherited from a common ancestor.
Created by: taytay131313
 

 



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