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Women in Ireland
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Suffrage | the right to vote in political elections |
| Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington | Irish suffragette who fought for women’s right to vote and founded the Irish Women’s Franchise League |
| Irish Women's Franchise League | organisation founded in 1908 to campaign for votes for women in Ireland |
| Women’s rights in Ireland in 1900 | women could not vote, had limited property rights, and were expected to focus on home and family life |
| Education for women in 1900 | girls had access to primary education but few attended university and most were trained for domestic roles |
| Employment for women in 1900 | most women worked as domestic servants, factory workers, teachers or nurses and were paid less than men |
| Cumann na mBan | republican women’s organisation founded in 1914 to support the fight for Irish independence |
| Constance Markievicz | Irish revolutionary who fought in 1916 and became the first woman elected to the British Parliament in 1918 |
| Kathleen Lynn | doctor and nationalist who took part in the 1916 Rising and later founded St Ultan’s Hospital for children |
| Margaret Skinnider | teacher and member of Cumann na mBan who fought in the 1916 Rising |
| Elizabeth O'Farrell | nurse who helped during the 1916 Rising and delivered the surrender message from Patrick Pearse |
| Voting Rights for Women in the Constitution of the Free State 1922 | women over 21 were given the same voting rights as men in national elections |
| Máire Geoghegan-Quinn | Irish politician who later became Ireland’s first female European Commissioner |
| Divorce in Ireland | divorce was banned until a referendum legalised it in 1995 |
| Contraception in Ireland | contraception was illegal until 1979 when it became available with restrictions |
| the Constitution recognised women’s role in the home and encouraged mothers to focus on family life | |
| Women on juries in Ireland | after 1927 women had to actively register to serve on juries, limiting participation |
| The Marriage Bar 1932 | rule that forced women to leave many public service jobs when they got married |
| The Conditions of Employment Act 1936 | law that limited women’s working hours and restricted them from certain types of work |
| Employment rate of Irish women in 1946 | only 2.5 percent of married Irish women were in paid employment compared to about 25 percent in Britain |
| Mother and Baby Homes | institutions where unmarried mothers and their children were sent, often in harsh conditions |
| Magdalene Laundries | church-run institutions where women were forced to work without pay, often for moral reasons |
| Official apology of Irish state to Magdalene women | in 2013 the Irish government formally apologised to survivors of the Magdalene Laundries |
| Nell McCafferty | journalist and feminist who campaigned for women’s rights in Ireland |
| Irish Women's Liberation Movement | feminist group founded in 1970 to campaign for equal rights for women |
| Feminism | belief in political, social and economic equality between men and women |
| The contraceptive train | 1971 protest where Irish women travelled to Belfast to buy contraception and highlight Irish law |
| Commission on the Status of Women 1972 | government commission that examined discrimination against women and recommended reforms |
| Anti-Discrimination Act 1974 | law that banned discrimination in employment on the basis of sex or marital status |
| The Employment Equality Act 1977 | law that gave women stronger protection against workplace discrimination |
| Mary Robinson | first female President of Ireland, elected in 1990 |
| Mary Harney | Irish politician who became Ireland’s first female Tánaiste |
| Joan Burton | Irish politician who later became Tánaiste and leader of the Labour Party |
| Susan Denham | first woman appointed Chief Justice of Ireland |
| Mary McAleese | second female President of Ireland, serving from 1997 to 2011 |
| Achievements of Mary Robinson | First Female President of Ireland, modernised the presidency, promoted human rights and equality, supported women's rights, reached out to the Irish diaspora, later UN High Commissioner for Human Rights |
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