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AP world unit 7
AMSCO
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bolsheviks | A radical Marxist faction that seized power in Russia during the October Revoltion of 1917, overthrowing the Provisional Government. |
| Communists | Is a political and economic ideology that generally seeks the creation of a classless society through state intervention in and control over the economy and society. |
| Sun Yat-Sen | " Father of Modern China " Led the 1911 Revolution that ended the Qing Dynasty |
| Young Turks | A reformist political group in the late Ottoman Empire, advocating for modernization, secularism, and national identity |
| Turkification | the process to promoting Turkish culture, language, and identity within the multi-ethnic territories of the former Ottoman Empire |
| Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey |
| Porfirio Diaz | A mexican dictator. Modernized mexico economy |
| Francisco Madero | A mexcian revolutionary, author, and president who initiated the mexican revolution |
| Mexican Revolution | A major armed struggle that overthrew dictator Porfirio Diaz |
| Francisco " Pancho" Villa | A mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the regimes of both Porfirio Diaz and Victoriano Huerta |
| Emiliano Zapata | A revolutionary leader in southern Mexico focused on returning land to indigenous peasants |
| Institutional Revolutionary Party ( PRI) | The political party that dominated Mexican politics for most of the 20th century after the revolution |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | The heir to the Austro Hungarian throne whose assassination sparked WWI |
| Great War | The original name for World War 1 |
| Black Hand | The secret Serbian nationalist society responsible for the assassination of the Archduke |
| Militarism | The belief that a country should maintain a strong military and be prepared to use it aggressively |
| Secret alliances | Hidden agreements between nations to support each other in case of war |
| Triple Entente | The alliance between Britain, France, and Russia before WWI |
| alliles | The side in WWI that included Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and later the United States |
| Triple Alliance | The alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and italy before the war |
| Central Powers | The side in WWI led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the ottoman empire |
| Self-determination | The idea that ethnic groups should have the right to form their own independent nations |
| conscription | A government policy of forcing citizens to enlist in the military |
| trench warfare | A type of combat where soldiers fight from deep ditches; it led to long periods of stalemate |
| poison gas | A chemical weapon used in WWI that caused blindness, suffocation, or death |
| machine guns | Rapid fun weapons that made it nearly impossible to cross " No Mans Land" |
| submarines | German underwater ships used to sink allied merchant and military vessels |
| airplane | Used initially for reconnaissance and later for dogfights in the air |
| tanks | Armored vehicles designed to cross trenches and break the stalemate of the western front |
| stalemate | A situation where neither side in a war can make progress or win |
| U-boat | German submarine |
| Zimmerman Telegram | A secret German message to Mexico proposing an alliance against the U.S it helped pull the U.S into the war |
| total war | when a nation commits all its resources, industry, and populations to the war effort |
| propaganda | Biased communication used to influence public opinion and support for the war. |
| global war | a conflict involving many nations across different continents |
| ANZAC | Australian and new zealand army corps; they fought famously at Gallipoli |
| Gallipoli | A failed allied campaign to knock the ottoman Empire out of the war, resulting in a massive casualties |
| Paris Peace Conference | The 1919 meeting of the " Big four" to set the peace terms after WWI |
| David Lloyd George | The British Prime Minister at the Paris Peace Conference |
| Georges Clemenceau | The French leader at the Paris Peace Conference who wanted to punish Germany harshly |
| Vittorio Orlando | The Italian Prime Minister at the Paris Peace Conference |
| Fourteen Points | President Woodrow Wilsons plan for lasting peace, including the League of nations |
| League of Nations | An international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations |
| Treaty of Versailles | the treaty imposed on germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of WWI |
| reparations | Money paid by a defeated nation to compensate for war damages |
| Weimer Republic | The democratic government of Germany between WWI and the rise of the Nazis |
| Great Depression | the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s |
| John Maynard Keynes | An economist who argued that governments should spend money to end depression |
| deficit spending | Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | The U.S. President who created the New Deal to combat the Great depression |
| New Deal | a series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration with the goal of ending the Great Depression |
| relief | aid for the needy; welfare |
| recovery | a rise in business activity after a recession or depression |
| reform | change |
| Russian Civil War | A conflict between the “Red’s”(Bolsheviks) and “White’s”(anti communist) for control of Russia |
| New Economic Plan | Lenin’s policy that allowed some private business to help the Soviet economy recover |
| Politburo | The chief policy making committee of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union |
| Five year Plan | Stalin economic goals to rapidly industrialize the USSR and modernize agriculture |
| Union of soviet socialist Republics | the communist state formed after the Russian Empire |
| Collectivized agriculture | a system where the stat took over private farms to create large, government run farms |
| kolhoz | a collective farm in the soviet union |
| gulags | forced labor camps used by Stalin to punish political enemies and criminals |
| Lazaro Cardenas | Mexican President who redistributed land and nationalized the oil industry |
| PEMEX | The state owned oil company of Mexico |
| corporatism | A system where society is organized into “ corporations” controlled by the state |
| totalitarian states | a government that has total control over every aspect of public and private life |
| Libya | |
| Italian Somaliland | |
| Spanish Civil War | A war between the elected republic and nationalist rebels led by franco |
| Spanish Republic | |
| Popular Front | A left wing coalition of parties that won the 1936 Spanish elections |
| Francisco Franco | The general who led the nationalist to victory and became the dictator of spain |
| Nationalist | The right wing , pro military group in the Spanish civil war |
| Republican | The left wing group defending the elected government in the Spanish civil war |
| Loyalists | Another term for republicans who remained loyal to the Spanish republic |
| Guernica | A Spanish town bombed by German and Italian planes ; famous as a symbol of the horrors of war |
| Basque region | An area in northern Spain with a distinct culture that was targeted during the civil war |
| Luftwaffe | The German Air Force |
| hypernationalism | Extreme belief in the superiority of one nation, often linked to fascism |
| decolonization | The process by which colonies become independent from imperial powers |
| Big Three | The leader of Great Britain, the u.s, and the USSR |
| mandate system | a system where the league of nation gave allied powers control over former ottoman and german territories |
| Pan-Arabism | a movement calling for the unification of arab people in the middle east and north africa |
| Balfour Declaration | A British statement expressing support for a jewish national home in palestine |
| Palestine | A territory in the Middle East that was a British mandate and the site of Arab Jewish conflict |
| Zionist | supporters of a movement to establish a jewish states in their ancestral homeland |
| Indian National Congress | A political party formed to push for indian self rule and independence from britain |
| satyagraha movement | Gandhi philosophy of non violent resistance to injustice |
| civil disobedience | the active, professional refusal to obey certain laws as a form of protest |
| Mahatma | a title meaning “ great soul” given to mohandas gandhi |
| Salt March | a peaceful protest led by gandhi against british monopoly on salt |
| Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Leader of the Muslim league who pushed for the creation of pakistan |
| Pakistan | A separate nation created for Muslims in South Asia following the partition on India |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | India first prime minister and a leader in the independence movement alongside Gandhi |
| March First Movement | A series of protest by Korean against Japanese colonial rule in 1919 |
| May Fourth movement | Anti imperialist cultural and political movement in china protesting the treaty of Versailles |
| Chinese Communist Party | The ruling party of china, led by Mao Zedong, focusing on peasant led revolution |
| Mao Zedong | Leader of the CCP who transitioned china into a communist state. |
| Kuomintang | The Chinese nationalist party that fought the CCP |
| Chiang Kai shek | Leader of the nationalist party who fled to Taiwan after losing the Chinese civil war |
| Long March | A 6,000 mile retreat by Chinese communist to escape nationalist forces; it solidified Mao leadership |
| Manchukuo | The puppet state established by Japan after invading Manchuria china |
| Greater East Asia co prosperity sphere | Japans concept of a bloc of Asian nations free of western influence |
| Jomo Kenyatta | An independence leader and the first president of Kenya |
| Leopold senghor | Leader of negritude movement and the first president of Senegal |
| Adolf Hitler | Leader of the nazi party and dictator of Germany during WWI |
| Reichstag | The German parliament building |
| scientific racism | The pseudoscientific belief that empirical evidence exists to support racism or racial hierarchy |
| anti semitism | Prejudice, hatred, or discrimination against Jewish people |
| Aryans | The master race in nazi ideology, typically described as non Jewish caucasians of Nordic descent |
| Nuremberg Laws | Racial laws in nazi germany that stripped Jews of their rights and citizenship |
| German Soviet Nonagression Pact | A 1939 deal between hitler and Stalin to not attack each other and secretly divide Poland |
| Rome Berlin Axis | The alliance between fascist Italy and Nazi germany |
| Anti Comintern Pact | An agreement between Germany and Japan to oppose international communism |
| Axis Powers | The alliance of Germany Italy, and Japan during WWII |
| Kristallnacht | Nights of broken glass states sponsored riots and attacks against Jewish homes and businesses |
| appeasement | The policy of giving in to an aggressor demands to avoid war |
| Third Reich | The official name for the Nazi regime in Germany |
| Anschluss | The 1938 annexation of Austria into Nazi germany |
| Sudetenland | An area of Czechoslovakia with many ethnic Germans that hit,er demanded and took |
| Neville Chamberlain | British prime minister known for his policy of appeasement toward hitler |
| Munich Agreement | The 1938 deal that allowed hitler to take the sudentenland in exchange for peace |
| Danzig | A polish port city that Hitler demanded, which served as the immediate trigger for the invasion of Poland |
| Nonagression Pact | |
| blitzkreig | Lightening war a fast overwhelming military tact using tanks and planes |
| Vichy | The pro German puppet government in southern France during the Nazi occupation |
| Destoryers for bases agreement | |
| Atlantic Charter | An agreement where the u.s gave Britain old destroyers in exchange for land rights on British bases |
| Battle of Britain | An air campaign where the British royal Air Force defended the UK against the Luftwaffe |
| Winston Churchill | The British prime minister during most of WWI know for his iron will |
| Siege of Leningrad | A brutal 900 day blockade of a Soviet city b German forces |
| Pearl Harbor | The 1941 Japanese surprise attack on the u.s naval base that brought the u.s into the war |
| Erwin Rommel | Known as the desert fox a famous German field marshal in North Africa |
| Battle of El Alamein | A major turning point in North Africa where British forces defeated the Axis |
| Battle of Stalingrad | A massive turning point on the eastern front; the Soviet Union defeated the German army, stopping their eastward advance |
| Battle of the Coral Sea | The first naval battle where ships never saw each other; stopped japans advance on Australia |
| Battle of midway island | The turning point in the pacific; the u,s destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers, ending japans naval superiority |
| Guadalcanal | The first major allied offensive in the pacific, leading to a brutal island victory against Japan |
| Douglas MacArthur | The American general who commanded allied forces in the pacific theater |
| island hopping | The u.s strategy of capturing key pacific islands one by one to get close enough to bomb and invade Japan |
| aircraft carriers | Massive ships that allow planes to take off and land at sea; the most important weapon in the pacific war |
| D-day | June 6, 1944 the allied invasion of Normandy, France, which opened the western front against Nazi germany |
| Battle of the Bulge | Germanys final, failed counter offensive in the west to try and split allied lines |
| Battle of Kursk | The largest tank battle in history , a descisive Soviet citron over germany |
| V-E Day | May 8, 1945 victory in Europe day, marking the formal surrender of Nazi germany |
| Hiroshima | The Japanese city where the u.s dropped the first atomic bomb |
| V-J Day | August 15, 1945 victory over Japan day marking the end of World War II |
| Armistice Day | November 11, marking the end of WWI |
| Armenians | The ethnic group targeted by the Ottoman Empire in a state sponsored genocide during WWI |
| genocide | The deliberate and systematic spilling of a large group of people |
| influenza epidemic | The 1918 global pandemic that killed millions immediately following WWI |
| pandemic | An outbreak of a disease |
| Lost Generation | The generation that came of age during WWI, characterized by disillusionment and cynicism |
| Heinrich Himmler | The leader of the SS and one of the main architects of the Holocaust |
| Nuremburg Laws | Racial laws that stripped German Jews of their rights |
| ghettos | Restricted urban areas where Jews were forced to live under miserable conditions before being sent to camps |
| Final Solution | The Nazi plan for the systematic mass murder of European Jews |
| Holocaust | The state sponsored systematic murder of 6 million Jews by the Nazi regime |
| Asia for Asiatics | A Japanese propaganda slogan used to justify their empire building while claiming to liberate Asia from westerners |
| firebombing | A military tactic using incendiary bombs to start massive fires in cities |
| Hamburg | |
| Dresden | |
| Tokyo | |
| Bosnia | Site of ethnic cleansing and genocide against Muslims during the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1900s |
| Slobodan Milosevicc | The Serbian leader responsible for inciting violence and ethnic cleaning in the Balkans |
| ethnic cleansing | The forced removal or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society |
| balkanization | The process of a region breaking up into smaller often hostile political units |
| Rwanda | Site of the 1994 genocide where Hutu extremists killed nearly 1 million Tutsis in 100 days |
| Tutsis | The two main ethnic groups in Rwanda; the victims and the Hutus were the primary perpetrators |
| Hutus | The two main ethnic groups in Rwanda; the victims and the Hutus were the primary perpetrators |
| Darfur | A region in Sudan where a genocide occurred in the early 2000s |
| Janjaweed | The Arab militia funded by the Sudanese government to carry out attacks in darfur |
| International Criminal Court | A permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes |
| Omar al Bashir | The former president of Sudan wanted by the ICC for war crimes and genocide in darfur |
Created by:
kaylee.