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Foynesfr 1960s

Ireland in the 1960s

QuestionAnswer
What was protectionism in Ireland in the 1950s? Protectionism was a policy where the Irish government put high taxes (tariffs) on foreign goods to protect Irish industries. It limited free trade and kept Ireland economically isolated.
What was rural depopulation? Rural depopulation was the decline in the population of the countryside as people left farms and rural areas to move to cities or emigrate abroad due to lack of jobs.
Why was Seán Lemass important in the 1960s? Seán Lemass became Taoiseach in 1959. He ended protectionism, encouraged free trade, attracted foreign investment, and modernised the Irish economy.
Who was T.K. Whitaker? Whitaker was an economist who wrote a plan to improve Ireland’s economy. His ideas helped move Ireland away from protectionism.
What was the First Programme for Economic Expansion? Introduced in 1958, written by TK Whitaker. It aimed to grow the economy by encouraging free trade, foreign investment, and export-led growth instead of protectionism.
How did unemployment change from the 1950s to the 1960s? Unemployment was very high in the 1950s but fell by one third by 1961 due to economic reforms and new industries.
How did emigration change in the 1960s? Emigration fell greatly: 44,000 per year in 1951 16,000 per year in 1961 11,000 per year in 1971 This showed economic improvement.
How did relations with Northern Ireland change in the 1960s? The Republic began improving relations through meetings and cooperation instead of ignoring Northern Ireland.
Why was Terence O’Neill important? O’Neill was Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. He met Seán Lemass in 1965 — the first meeting between leaders North and South since partition.
When did Ireland join the United Nations and why was it important? Ireland joined the UN in 1955. It increased Ireland’s international role and allowed Irish soldiers to serve as peacekeepers.
Why did Ireland apply to join the EEC? Ireland applied in 1961 to improve trade and reduce dependence on Britain. Membership would open new markets for Irish goods.
Why was JFK’s visit important? US President John F. Kennedy visited Ireland in 1963. It boosted national pride and strengthened Irish-American relations.
Who was Jack Lynch? Jack Lynch became Taoiseach in 1966. He led Ireland during the early years of the Troubles.
Why was the 1965 general election important? Fianna Fáil, led by Lemass, won again. It showed public support for economic modernisation.
Why was the setting up of Telefís Éireann important? Telefís Éireann began broadcasting in 1961 (later RTÉ). Television exposed people to new ideas and increased social change. What did the Broadcasting Authority Act do?
Why was the Second Vatican Council important in Ireland? It modernised the Catholic Church with Mass in English instead of Latin, lay people had a greater role, the Bible was published in the vernacular and ecumenism.. It influenced social and religious change in Ireland.
What social changes happened in the 1960s? Ireland became more modern and open. Television, economic growth, and education reforms changed attitudes and lifestyles
. What is ecumenism? Ecumenism is cooperation between different Christian churches. It improved relations between Catholics and Protestants.
Why was Donogh O’Malley important? As Minister for Education, he introduced free secondary education in 1967.
Why was free secondary education important? It allowed all children to attend secondary school without fees, increasing opportunities and social mobility.
What is free trade and why was it important? Free trade means reducing tariffs and allowing goods to move between countries more easily. It helped modernise Ireland’s economy and attract foreign companies.
What is meant by the term vernacular language ? A vernacular language is the language the people of a country speak. For example Irish and English are the vernacular languages of Ireland. German is the vernacular language of Germany
Created by: efoynes
 

 



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